28/08/2022
When Alp Arslan emerged victorious in the battle, Emperor Romanos IV was captured by the Seljuqs and was brought as a prisoner in front of the Sultan:
Alp Arslan: What would you do if I was brought before you as a prisoner?
Romanos: Perhaps I'd kill you, or exhibit you in the streets of Constantinople.
Alp Arslan: My punishment is far heavier. I forgive you and set you free.
Previously, As soon as Alp Arslan settled his position in Iraq, he undertook a new campaign in eastern Anatolia to consolidate his control. For a good 40 years before the battle, Asia Minor had been penetrated by migratory Turkish groups in search of pastureland, with whom the Byzantines had proved wholly incapable of dealing.
As a result, Emperor Romanos decided to check the Turkish raids and influence in the region and led a great army eastwards. Alp Arslan seized the opportunity to divert his army to confront the emperor who had given shelter to his Nawakiyya enemies. (ACS Peacock) Both armies met at Manzikert.
According to Peacock, Manzikert is conventionally considered one of the great turning points in world history, opening the way to the collapse of the Byzantine empire in Anatolia and the establishment of Turkish rule there. However, both Byzantine and Muslim sources agree that Alp Arslan offered Romanus generous peace terms, involving merely the concession of a few frontier fortresses such as Edessa and the payment of an indemnity.
The Seljuks did not move into Anatolia until after the death of Alp Arslan (1072), as he (Alp Arslan) still considered the Fatimids of Egypt as his primary objective. Later Suleiman ibn Qutulmish was appointed as governor of Seljuk possessions in Anatolia.
Suleiman then captured the Byzantine cities of Nicaea (İznik) and Nicomedia (İzmit) in 1075. Two years later in 1077 AD, he declared himself the Sultan of an independent Seljuq state at Nicaea. This state came to be known as the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum or the Seljuk Sultanate of Anatolia.
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