Okavango River, Mohembo West.
The Okavango River (formerly spelled Okovango or Okovanggo), also known as the Cubango River, is a river in southwest Africa. It is the fourth-longest river system in southern Africa, running southeastward for 1,600 km (1,000 mi). It begins at an elevation of 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) in the sandy highlands of Angola. Farther south, it forms part of the border between Angola and Namibia, and then flows into Botswana. The Okavango does not have an outlet to the sea. Instead, it discharges into the Okavango Delta or Okavango Alluvial Fan, in an endorheic basin in the Kalahari Desert.
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ZAMBEZI RIVER
The Zambezi (also spelled Zambeze and Zambesi) is the fourth-longest river in Africa, the longest east-flowing river in Africa and the largest flowing into the Indian Ocean from Africa.[citation needed] Its drainage basin covers 1,390,000 km2 (540,000 sq mi), slightly less than half of the Nile's. The 2,574-kilometre-long (1,599 mi) river rises in Zambia and flows through eastern Angola, along the north-eastern border of Namibia and the northern border of Botswana, then along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe to Mozambique, where it crosses the country to empty into the Indian Ocean.
The Zambezi's most noted feature is Victoria Falls. Its other falls include the Chavuma Falls at the border between Zambia and Angola, and Ngonye Falls near Sioma in western Zambia.
The two main sources of hydroelectric power on the river are the Kariba Dam, which provides power to Zambia and Zimbabwe, and the Cahora Bassa Dam in Mozambique, which provides power to Mozambique and South Africa. Additionally, two smaller power stations are along the Zambezi River in Zambia, one at Victoria Falls and the other in Zengamina, near Kalene Hill in the Ikelenge District.
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Okavango River Bridge Tour
Avelution: Birds in the Development of Darwin
Naturalist Charles Darwin was strongly influenced by avian examples while he was developing the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Birds are vertebrates in Class Aves, so the coined term “avelution” in this exhibition captures the idea of this influence.
When Darwin (1809-1882) was young, few scientists had specialized fields — most were natural historians, studying a broad array of organisms. He was a talented naturalist with broad interests, and although not an ornithologist, he drew heavily on avian examples in the development of his theory. No one has had a greater impact on ornithology than Charles Darwin.
From his time on the Beagle voyage (1831-1836), Darwin identified and described 38 new bird species, the most noted of which, the “Darwin’s Finches,” are frequently cited as a prime example of evolution. He noticed striking parallels between the kind of variation between different, related species that occurs naturally, and the variation that humans can produce among animals (and plants) by selective breeding. Back in England, Darwin kept many pigeon breeds to study selective breeding – a line of scientific inquiry that continues today.
Darwin’s work also provides the foundation to explore ongoing research at Michigan State University involving birds — where researchers are studying diverse topics like disease, rehabilitation, habitat change, selective breeding practices, neuroscience, behavior and vocalizations.
The exhibition will showcase examples of birds from MSU Museum collections, including many species that Darwin encountered in Patagonia; the domestic pigeon and chicken breeds that he studied while he was investigating artificial selection, and a Michigan example of adaptive radiation among finches.
The Michigan State University Museum presents “‘Avelution’ Birds in the Development of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution” in conjunction with its annual family science progr
Birdwatching is important because it provides an intimate connection between people and their natural environment. People who share a connection with nature and spend time observing wildlife have a stake in ensuring its preservation.
Boat rides are enormously fun and exciting, providing you a whole bunch of fascinating views!
Lions are unique among cats in that they live in a group, or pride. The members of a pride typically spend the day in several scattered groups that may unite to hunt or share a meal. A pride consists of several generations of lionesses, some of which are related, a smaller number of breeding males, and their cubs. The group may consist of as few as 4 or as many as 37 members, but about 15 is the average size. Each pride has a well-defined territory consisting of a core area that is strictly defended against intruding lions and a fringe area where some overlap is tolerated. Where prey is abundant, a territory area may be as small as 20 square km (8 square miles), but if game is sparse, it may cover up to 400 square km. Some prides have been known to use the same territory for decades, passing the area on between females. Lions proclaim their territory by roaring and by scent marking. Their distinctive roar is generally delivered in the evening before a night’s hunting and again before getting up at dawn. Males also proclaim their presence by urinating on bushes, trees, or simply on the ground, leaving a pungent scent behind. Defecation and rubbing against bushes leave different scent markings.
There are a number of competing evolutionary explanations for why lions form groups. Large body size and high density of their main prey probably make group life more efficient for females in terms of energy expenditure. Groups of females, for example, hunt more effectively and are better able to defend cubs against infanticidal males and their hunting territory against other females. The relative importance of these factors is debated, and it is not clear which was responsible for the establishment of group life and which are secondary benefits.
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