Egypt ,The Historical & Modern Land

Egypt ,The Historical & Modern Land It is a place filled with ancient history. Its buildings and monuments offer insight into who we were 5,000 years ago.

Egypt is probably the world's oldest civilization having emerged from the Nile Valley around 3,100 BC, historically. Egypt is probably one of the oldest vacation spots. Early Greeks, Romans and others went there just for fun, and to see the wonders of some of mankind's earliest triumphs. But Egypt is much more than Pyramids and monuments. It is also Red Sea scuba diving, hot night spots, luxury ho

tels and five star restaurants. It is romantic cruises down the Nile on festive river boats, a night at the grand opera and it is a cultural experience like none you have ever experienced. Egypt is a land bustling with life, sound, visual beauty and excitement. More than anything else, we want you to think of Egypt as fun. For thousands of years, it has been the playground of emperors and kings, and we hope you will take the time to find out why.

Happy Easter 🙏🙏🙏
05/05/2024

Happy Easter 🙏🙏🙏

Ancient Egyptian Mummy Study Identifies Childbirth DeathAccording to a Live Science report, a new study of the mummified...
06/01/2024

Ancient Egyptian Mummy Study Identifies Childbirth Death

According to a Live Science report, a new study of the mummified remains of a teenager recovered in Egypt in 1908 has revealed that she died while giving birth to twins. The girl is thought to have stood about five feet tall and weighed between 100 and 120 pounds at the time of her death. The remains of one fetus, bandaged and placed with the placenta between the girl’s legs, was discovered during an initial examination in 1908. The second fetus was first spotted in the mummy’s chest cavity in 2019, when archaeologist Francine Margolis took a CT scan of the remains. She and David Hunt of George Washington University have now X-rayed the mummy for another look. “When we saw the second fetus we knew we had a unique find and a first for ancient Egyptian archaeology,” she said. The researchers concluded that the teen died in labor, when the head of the first fetus became trapped in the birth canal. The remains of the second fetus are thought to have shifted into the chest cavity during the mummification process. The mummy’s head is missing, although photographs taken of it in 1908 are available. “If we found her head and her teeth are present, destructive testing on teeth and hair could provide information on her diet and metabolic stress she was experiencing during her life,” Margolis said. Read the original scholarly article about this research in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. To read about noninvasive CT scanning of Egyptian mummies, go to "Inside a Pharaoh's Coffin," one of ARCHAEOLOGY's Top 10 Discoveries of 2022.

Old Kingdom Tomb Discovered in SaqqaraCAIRO, EGYPT—Ahram Online reports that a tomb dated to between 2649 and 2150 B.C. ...
06/01/2024

Old Kingdom Tomb Discovered in Saqqara

CAIRO, EGYPT—
Ahram Online reports that a tomb dated to between 2649 and 2150 B.C. has been discovered in Saqqara by a team of Japanese and Egyptian archaeologists. Mustafa Waziri of Egypt’s Supreme Council of Antiquities said that the remains of an adult, who was interred wearing a colored mask, and the burial of a small child were found in the rock-cut tomb. In this area of the necropolis, the researchers also uncovered burials from Egypt’s Late Period (712–332 B.C.) and the Ptolemaic period (304–30 B.C.), as well as an 18th Dynasty (1550–1295 B.C.) coffin containing a well-preserved alabaster vessel. Two terracotta statues of the goddess Isis; a terracotta statue of Harpocrates, a child deity; amulets; pottery models; and ostraca bearing hieratic inscriptions were also recovered. To read about another discovery from Saqqara, go to "Old Kingdom Tomb," one of ARCHAEOLOGY's Top 10 Discoveries of 2019.

The moment of discovery in 2004 of an approximately 3,500-year-old burial mask. From the tomb of Djehuty, Karnak, Egypt.
10/12/2023

The moment of discovery in 2004 of an approximately 3,500-year-old burial mask. From the tomb of Djehuty, Karnak, Egypt.

New discovery in Saqqara, Giza, Egypt, and looking as it was painted yesterday....
10/12/2023

New discovery in Saqqara, Giza, Egypt, and looking as it was painted yesterday....

Ancient Egyptian rock crystal ring carved in the shape of a sphinx dates back to 1295-1069 BC. The age and origins of th...
10/12/2023

Ancient Egyptian rock crystal ring carved in the shape of a sphinx dates back to 1295-1069 BC. The age and origins of the Great Sphinx of Giza remain a subject of debate among experts.
While many Egyptologists believe it was constructed during the Old Kingdom (c. 2686-2181 BC), there are no inscriptions from that era mentioning the Sphinx.
Geologist Robert Schoch proposed that water erosion on the Sphinx suggests it could be much older, possibly around 10,000 BC, dating back to the end of the last Ice Age. Schoch also questioned the head of the Sphinx, suggesting it might not be the original head and could have been placed there later.
Egyptologist Zahi Hawass countered Schoch's hypothesis, stating that no artifacts or inscriptions predate Egyptian civilization by more than 5,000 years.
Regarding erosion, some geologists suggest it could result from Nile river flooding, while others point to Haloclasty, a process involving moisture and salt crystals within limestone that can cause erosion when heated.

In 1974 the mummy of Rameses II was to be sent to Paris for preservation and maintenance work. Because of French law, Eg...
10/12/2023

In 1974 the mummy of Rameses II was to be sent to Paris for preservation and maintenance work. Because of French law, Egypt was forced to issue a passport for the mummy, 3000 years after he died. The date of birth reads 1303 B.C and his occupation was listed as "King (deceased).”

Full Moon Illuminating the Obelisk of Luxor Temple, EgyptThe Obelisk of Luxor Temple stands tall and proud, a magnificen...
10/12/2023

Full Moon Illuminating the Obelisk of Luxor Temple, Egypt
The Obelisk of Luxor Temple stands tall and proud, a magnificent monument that has withstood the test of time. Located in the heart of Luxor, Egypt, this ancient obelisk is a symbol of the grandeur and majesty of the pharaohs who ruled over the land thousands of years ago. With its towering height and intricate carvings, the obelisk serves as a testament to the advanced architectural and artistic skills of the ancient Egyptians.
The obelisk was originally erected in the 13th century BCE during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II, also known as Ramses the Great. It was one of a pair, with its twin now gracing the Place de la Concorde in Paris, France. These obelisks were carved out of a single piece of red granite and transported from the ancient city of Thebes (modern-day Luxor) to their current locations.
Standing at a height of approximately 25 meters (82 feet) and weighing an estimated 230 tons, the Obelisk of Luxor Temple is an impressive sight to behold. The precision and craftsmanship involved in creating such a massive structure without the aid of modern machinery are awe-inspiring. The obelisk tapers towards the top and is adorned with intricate hieroglyphic carvings that depict religious and historical scenes.
These carvings provide valuable insights into the beliefs, rituals, and achievements of the ancient Egyptians. They depict scenes of Ramses II making offerings to various deities, including the sun god Ra, and engaging in battles and triumphs. The hieroglyphics also include inscriptions glorifying Ramses II's reign and his divine right to rule as a pharaoh.
In addition to its artistic and historical significance, the Obelisk of Luxor Temple also holds astronomical significance. The ancient Egyptians had a deep understanding of celestial movements, and the obelisk served as a giant sundial, casting a shadow that moved throughout the day, allowing them to measure time accurately.
The journey of the obelisk from its original location to Luxor Temple is a remarkable feat in itself. The transportation process involved cutting the obelisk from the bedrock, carefully shaping it, and then using sledges and ropes to move it to the banks of the Nile River. From there, it was floated on barges to Luxor, a distance of about 2.5 kilometers (1.5 miles). The sheer logistical challenges involved in such a task demonstrate the engineering prowess of the ancient Egyptians.
Today, the Obelisk of Luxor Temple continues to captivate visitors from around the world. It stands proudly as a testament to the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the ancient Egyptians, who left behind an enduring legacy of art, architecture, and culture. Its presence in Luxor, surrounded by the remnants of other grand temples and structures, transports visitors back in time, allowing them to glimpse the magnificence of ancient Egypt.
Visiting the Obelisk of Luxor Temple offers a unique opportunity to connect with the past and appreciate the achievements of one of the world's most fascinating civilizations. As you stand before this colossal structure, you can't help but marvel at the skill and dedication it took to create such a masterpiece. It serves as a reminder that while time marches on, the legacy of the ancient Egyptians lives on, continuing to inspire and intrigue us to this day.

The image below is what the Pyramid of Khafre looked like right after it was completed in 2560 BCE. The original was enc...
10/12/2023

The image below is what the Pyramid of Khafre looked like right after it was completed in 2560 BCE. The original was encased in white limestone, and the peak was made of solid gold.
For thousands of years, the pyramid stood nearly unchanged. However, in 1303, a powerful earthquake struck the area, dislodging much of the limestone. This earthquake also triggered tsunamis that caused severe damage and loss of life in Crete and Alexandria.
The local inhabitants used their rudimentary tools to take apart the limestones, which were now easier to pull out due to the damage they had sustained from the earthquake.
The limestones that were stripped from the pyramid were used to build mosques and fortifications on the order of a local Sultan. The gold cap at the peak of the pyramid was also taken away, never to be seen again.
With the absence of its white limestone shell, the pyramid was no longer able to reflect the sun, making it visible from miles away.

This is a 3,200 year old attendance sheet taken at work in Ancient Egypt. The New Egyptian hieratic script was written o...
10/12/2023

This is a 3,200 year old attendance sheet taken at work in Ancient Egypt. The New Egyptian hieratic script was written on limestone in red and black ink, and provided information such as the date (season and number), name of the worker, and the reason for being absent.
For example, on month 4 of Winter, day 24, a worker by the name of Pennub was absent from work because his mother was sick and he had to take care of her.
Here are some of the other reasons provided for work absence:
1. Drinking with Khonsu
2. His daughter was bleeding
3. Libating to his father
4. Brewing beer
5. Building his house
6. Fetching stone for the scribe
7. With Khons making remedies
8. Making remedies for the scribe's wife
9. Suffering with his eye
10. Embalming Hormose
11. Strengthening the door
12. Embalming his brother
13. His wife is bleeding
14. The scorpion bit him
15. His feast
16. Offering to the god

This stele was retrieved from the sunken ancient Egyptian city of Heracleion located at the bottom of the ocean.  Heracl...
10/12/2023

This stele was retrieved from the sunken ancient Egyptian city of Heracleion located at the bottom of the ocean.
Heracleion, also known as Thonis, was an influential and prosperous port city during the Late Period of ancient Egypt.
As time passed, various factors such as land subsidence, rising sea levels, and natural disasters caused the gradual sinking of the city into the Mediterranean Sea.
For centuries, the knowledge of Heracleion's existence was limited to historical texts and ancient references. The city's existence became shrouded in myth and legend, with doubts arising regarding its actuality

People usually think that the Pyramids of Giza stand in a completely isolated part of the desert. In reality, they are s...
10/12/2023

People usually think that the Pyramids of Giza stand in a completely isolated part of the desert. In reality, they are sit on the outskirts of Egypt's Capital, Cairo.

4,500 year old Egyptian dress that was painstakingly reassembled from approximately 7,000 beads which were found in an u...
10/12/2023

4,500 year old Egyptian dress that was painstakingly reassembled from approximately 7,000 beads which were found in an undisturbed tomb in Giza, Egypt.
The dress is thought to have belonged to a female contemporary of King Khufu (2589-2566 BC). The original strings had disintegrated over the years but the beads were still in their original position, which allowed for an accurate reconstruction. The color of the beads had faded, but they were originally blue and turquoise.
The dress was not put together for more than 60 years after it was discovered in 1927 by Harvard University.

Karnak is wonderful at sunset - The Avenue of Sphinxes
19/11/2023

Karnak is wonderful at sunset - The Avenue of Sphinxes

How could one not fall in love with  ? 🥰 Since I wanted to become an Egyptologist already at the age of 6 or 7, I cannot...
19/11/2023

How could one not fall in love with ? 🥰
Since I wanted to become an Egyptologist already at the age of 6 or 7, I cannot remember what exactly started my love for this wonderful country. What about you? Is there a particular object or event that triggered your interest?

Fascinating picture:The Moon, Jupiter, and Venus  over the pyramids of Giza😗🫢😀😀
01/11/2023

Fascinating picture:The Moon, Jupiter, and Venus over the pyramids of Giza😗🫢😀😀

Ancient Egyptian women cared a lot about their appearance as they applied cosmetics, perfumes, and deodorants made out o...
28/10/2023

Ancient Egyptian women cared a lot about their appearance as they applied cosmetics, perfumes, and deodorants made out of different natural ingredients and used to wear wigs with different styles in addition to precious jewelleries and accessories.
Good appearance and personal hygiene was so important for ancient Egyptian not only for their daily life but for the afterlife and resurrection too, even more than that as some spells from "book of the dead" stipulate that person can not speak them in afterlife if person is not clean and presentable like spell 125.
So like women nowadays, women in Ancient Egypt used oils, ointment, and creams helped to soften their skin and protect them from sunburn. all social classes applied cosmetics, although, clearly, the better products could only be afforded by wealthy. These cosmetics manufactured professionally and sold in marketplace, but it seems some of lesser quality could be made in the home.

A 4500 year old Egyptian dress that was painstakingly reassembled from approximately 7000 beads which were found in an u...
28/10/2023

A 4500 year old Egyptian dress that was painstakingly reassembled from approximately 7000 beads which were found in an undisturbed tomb (G7442, Shaft Z), at Giza and not put together for more than 60 years after it was discovered in 1927. Originally" it was put together slightly differently.
Dress is thought to have belonged to a female contemporary of King Khufu (2589–2566 BC). Original strings had disintegrated over years but beads were still in their original position, which allowed for an accurate reconstruction.
Color of beads had faded, but they were originally blue and turquoise. Dress was initially believed to have been worn for a dancing ritual but after it was assembled, the heavy weight suggested otherwise. Archaeologists now believe it may have been worn during funerals.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston

Toasting The Climb in 1940s :A group of men toast to a successful ascent of the Great Pyramid of Giza, by Life Magazine ...
27/10/2023

Toasting The Climb in 1940s :

A group of men toast to a successful ascent of the Great Pyramid of Giza, by Life Magazine in 1940s.
During antiquity the great pyramid was free to climb. There were no guards or rules and regulations. If you were fit enough and determined enough, you could climb right up to the summit.
Marauding soldiers, travellers and locals alike would challenge themselves to reach the top.
When the Pyramid of Giza was new 4,579 years ago, the sides were topped with polished, smooth limestone. It was impossible to climb. Over thousands of years, earthquakes loosened the stone and pilfering of the blocks was responsible for the top layer disappearing.
Climbing the pyramids is now prohibited. If you get caught you face a hefty fine and even risk going to jail. Still, it doesn’t stop many people sneaking through and serious injury to reach the ancient zenith.
To touch the Gods, is to touch history.
© Egyptian Archives

Women in Ancient Egypt had freedom and rights far exceeding women of other ancient societies. They owned land, were lega...
27/10/2023

Women in Ancient Egypt had freedom and rights far exceeding women of other ancient societies. They owned land, were legally equal to men in court and managed property.
Women often employed as dancers, singers and musicians which were considered respectable careers of upper class.
Women were highly respected as royal wife or mother in absence of Pharoah, in various cases when Pharaoh dies, and their heir is in minor age, whole kingdom commanded by these royal mother or wife of deceased Pharaoh, from behind the throne of new minor heir.

The Sphinx was carved from a single mass of limestone instead of piece by piece. It is one of the largest and oldest mon...
27/10/2023

The Sphinx was carved from a single mass of limestone instead of piece by piece. It is one of the largest and oldest monolithic statues in the world, measuring approximately 20 meters and 73 meters long.

One of the most controversial and debated legends associated with the Temple of Hathor is the depiction of what some bel...
27/10/2023

One of the most controversial and debated legends associated with the Temple of Hathor is the depiction of what some believe to be an ancient light bulb or electrical device on one of the temple’s walls. While mainstream archaeologists interpret it as a symbolic representation of the creation myth or a lotus flower emitting a snake, some proponents of ancient astronaut theories suggest it’s evidence of advanced ancient technology.

The ‘melted’ stairs and fascinating reliefs in Temple of Hathor in Dendera, Egypt.Temple has been modified on same site ...
27/10/2023

The ‘melted’ stairs and fascinating reliefs in Temple of Hathor in Dendera, Egypt.
Temple has been modified on same site starting as far back as Middle Kingdom (2030-1650 BC). Existing structure began construction in late Ptolemaic period at time of Ptolemy Auletes, 54 BC.

Ancient Egyptian Ivory Cosmetic Spoon; carved into the shape of a duck. (18th Dynasty, 1350-1300 BC)She offers a fish to...
27/10/2023

Ancient Egyptian Ivory Cosmetic Spoon; carved into the shape of a duck. (18th Dynasty, 1350-1300 BC)
She offers a fish to the two little ducklings on her back.

British Museum

Egyptian blue is the oldest known artificial pigment. The color blue throughout human history has been one of the most c...
27/10/2023

Egyptian blue is the oldest known artificial pigment. The color blue throughout human history has been one of the most cited, identifying it with royalty and divinity, due to its difficulty in obtaining it.
Blue pigments have been used since ancient times, but later than other pigments such as red, dark brown or ocre, which are more easily obtained naturally and are now used in art.
But the most cited blue pigment comes from minerals such as pencil, which are rare and therefore very expensive.

Amazing discovery in Abydos, in the area of the temple of Ramses II: the archaeological mission of New York University h...
27/10/2023

Amazing discovery in Abydos, in the area of the temple of Ramses II: the archaeological mission of New York University has brought to light more than 2000 mummified ram heads dating back to the Ptolemaic Period, as well as a huge building from the VI dynasty.
According to Dr. Sameh Iskandar, head of the mission, these mummified remains would be votive offerings donated to the cult of the ram god Khnum, active in Abydos during the Ptolemaic Period; moreover, they would confirm that Ramses II was still venerated a thousand years after his death.

In 2020, a wooden sarcophagus emerges from the sand at Abydos; during archaeological excavations, after spending more th...
27/10/2023

In 2020, a wooden sarcophagus emerges from the sand at Abydos; during archaeological excavations, after spending more than three Millennia, below the surface of the Egyptian plateau.

Egyptian Block with relief of Nebnefer (18th Dynasty, Reign of Amenhotep III, 1390–1352 BC), from Dahamsha, Sobek Temple...
27/10/2023

Egyptian Block with relief of Nebnefer (18th Dynasty, Reign of Amenhotep III, 1390–1352 BC), from Dahamsha, Sobek Temple Granodiorite, Egypt.
This sculpture, with goddess Hathor on front, Nebnefer kneeling on side and two crocodiles on top, was dedicated to crocodile god
Sobek.
The Luxor Museum

The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt that was sealed into a pit around 2500 BC, during ...
27/10/2023

The Khufu ship is an intact full-size solar barque from ancient Egypt that was sealed into a pit around 2500 BC, during 4th Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt at the foot of the Great Pyramid of pharaoh Khufu in the Giza pyramid complex. It was apparently part of the extensive grave goods intended for use in the afterlife.
The history and function of the ship are not precisely known. It is of the type known as a "solar barge", a ritual vessel to carry the resurrected king with the sun god Ra across the heavens. However, it bears some signs of having been used in water, and it is possible that the ship was either a funerary "barge" used to carry the king's embalmed body from Memphis to Giza, or even that Khufu himself used it as a "pilgrimage ship" to visit holy places and that it was then buried for him to use in the afterlife. It contained no bodies, unlike northern European ship burials.
It was built largely of Lebanon cedar planking in the "shell-first" construction technique, using unpegged tenons of Christ's thorn. The ship was built with a flat bottom composed of several planks, but no actual keel, with the planks and frames lashed together with Halfah grass, and has been reconstructed from 1,224 pieces which had been laid in a logical, disassembled order in the pit beside the pyramid.
It measures 43.4m long and 5.9m wide. It was thus identified as the world's oldest intact ship and has been described as "a masterpiece of woodcraft" that could sail today if put into a lake, or a river. However, the vessel may not have been designed for sailing, as there is no rigging, or for paddling, as there is no room.

Statue named "The Pharaoh of Pop" :An ancient Egyptian bust on display at Field Museum in Chicago has been the focus of ...
27/10/2023

Statue named "The Pharaoh of Pop" :

An ancient Egyptian bust on display at Field Museum in Chicago has been the focus of interest since Michael Jackson's death as visitors double-take at eerie similarities between the 3000 year old statue and singer.

The strange-looking artifact was purchased and brought from Cairo at the end of the 19th Century. However, it was only in 1988 that it was displayed at the Chicago museum. Details about the bust’s origin are scarce, but archaeologists agree that statue of an unidentified woman, and it was produced in ancient Egypt’s New Kingdom Period, which spanned from 1550-1050 BC. That could mean the bust was been created when Egypt was under the boy king Tutankhamun, or perhaps when King Ramesses II reigned. The bust, measuring almost 10 inches in height and some 13.7 inches in width, remains protected behind a glass screen.
People have been particularly dazzled by similarity of the bust’s nose to that of King of Pop. Nevertheless, archaeologists have offered several rational explanations on what could have possibly gone wrong with the nose of the woman. Many other Egyptian sculptures, and even sculptures from ancient Greece or Rome, have had their nose or other protruding parts of the body missing or damaged.
Many commentaries explain that this was done to classical statues deliberately and due to religious reasons. Early worshipers of different religions, including Christianity and Islam, defaced statues so they would make them less profane.
Like Jackson's surgically-altered face, the carving has a distinct, upturned nose and rounded eyes. And like Jackson - if rumors of the singer's prosthesis are to be believed - the statue's nose has partially disintegrated.
Chances are that King of Pop himself probably never saw his almost double from ancient Egypt. Yet everyone remembers Michael Jackson appearing in that ancient Egypt setting video for his 1993 hit “Remember the Time.” All the more reasons why fans find the bust in Chicago particularly striking.

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