24/05/2022
Interesting read ref history of Ffestiniog and Welsh Highland railway...
ONE HUNDRED & NINETY YEARS OLD...
Happy Birthday to us..!
In the eighteenth century, when Porthmadog and Blaenau Ffestiniog did not exist, this part of Wales was a remote mountain area. As far back as 1798, William Alexander Madocks had acquired land and soon afterwards carried out reclamation projects, first on the north shore of Traeth Mawr, which then extended several miles inland toward Pont Aberglaslyn. His first embankment still exists for a mile alongside the track of the Welsh Highland Railway until the bank turns north near Portreuddyn Castle. This was successful in reclaiming land for agriculture; Madocks then began his work culminating in the great embankment, the Cob, across the estuary, completed in 1811-12.
The workmen for this project were housed in a building at the eastern end of the Cob, where the workshops of the Railway are now. Since Madocks was the Member of Parliament for Boston in Lincolnshire, the building was named Boston Lodge. At the other side of the estuary the Cob diverted the River Glaslyn, which scoured a channel to form the natural harbour that was to play a dominant role in the history of slate mining and the Ffestiniog Railway. The town that swiftly grew up around this harbour was named Port Madoc, known today as Porthmadog. Madocks sponsored an Act of 1821 which declared it lawful for any tramroad arriving at the east end of the Cob to operate over it; this is why the FR to this day has a wayleave over the Cob but does not own it. There cannot be many railways still operating under an Act of 1821..!
Meanwhile, high in the mountains around Blaenau Ffestiniog, slate deposits were being exploited from about 1760 in small quantities and laboriously taken by pack animal or farm carts over rough roads down to the River Dwyryd. Here the slate was loaded into shallow-draft river boats for transport downstream where it was loaded yet again, this time into sea-going sailing ships at the anchorage of Ynys Cyngar, a mile south-west of Portmadoc. The first tramway in a quarry in Blaenau was in use by 1804.
In 1830, shortly after Madocks's death, Samuel Holland, who was quarrying slate at Rhiw, joined Henry Archer, a young businessman from Dublin, to promote the construction of what was to become the Festiniog Railway. With initial capital raised at least part in Dublin by financiers with an office in Dame Street in 1831-2, the company was incorporated by an Act of King William IV's Parliament on 23rd May 1832 with powers to build and operate a narrow gauge railway line from Portmadoc to Blaenau Ffestiniog.
James Spooner from Worcestershire was responsible for the survey and construction of the Railway. There is some evidence that Spooner had worked for the Ordnance Survey - in any event he was an uncommonly accomplished surveyor who laid out the Railway's route of rather more than 12 miles on a remarkable continuous gradient from Blaenau to Boston Lodge. The route, whose final mile crossed the Cob, let loaded slate trains run down by gravity, while the horses that were used to haul the empty waggons back up the line could feed and rest in dandy waggons - as seen in the accompanying image.
Opened in 1836 as a basic mineral tramway, the railway transformed itself over the following forty years until it was conveying 130,000 tons of slate a year and pioneering passenger operation on narrow gauge, becoming a world exemplar for narrow gauge railway practice…
…and the rest, as they say, is history - but what a history. One Hundred & Ninety Years of pioneering and continuous development, on a scale that surely could not have been imagined by the railway’s original promoters..!
While we’re proud of our past, we’re always looking to the future - including our plans to develop our visitor experience around the railway. We have a long history and a great story to tell - you can find out more about our railway’s past and present @ www.festipedia.org.uk and our NLHF funded heritage project in Boston Lodge @ nlhfproject.festrail.co.uk/