23/06/2024
Barley, what does the average whisky drinker know? Not much.
Scotland’s distillery tours will tell you all about the barley, with weird names such as; ‘Golden Promise’ and ‘Maris Otter’ known for their sweet, malty flavours, while other varieties such as ‘Concerto’ and ‘Propino’ offer innovation, introducing subtle nuances ranging from nutty to floral notes. The impact of barley variety on whisky flavour remains a topic of debate. Some experts believe that while barley contributes to the overall flavour of mature whisky, the specific variety has little or no significant effect. Who select s what barley to use at various distillers? Is it all about cost, return and making the most out of it – sometimes maybe with a drop in end taste? I don’t know, but I know a man who does.
Make sense of how barley – a cereal packed with starch – is used by distillers in the Scotch whisky production process in this barley explainer video from a great whisky lecturer, Vic Cameron (who happens to be a good friend). www.edinburghwhiskyacademy.com
Barley is a type of grass. It's a cereal that produces lots of seeds with lots of starch in it, so it's very useful for the distilling industry. There are many types of barley used in different industries, but in the Scotch whisky industry we primarily use 2-row spring barley. Before it comes to the distillery, the barley will be dried, it will be malted. Then in the distillery it will be milled and mashed. The purpose of mashing is to utilise the enzymes and the starches from the malting process. And we do that by mixing the ground up malt with hot water. That gelatinises the starch and lets the enzymes come in and break the starch down into simple sugars. The key parameter in mashing is the temperature. It's got to come in at the correct temperature to allow the gelatinisation and the enzyme action to take place. At the end of the mashing process we get out a sticky sugary liquid called wort that's cooled down and then put into the washback where we add the yeast.
And. A recent tv programme caught my attention - the International Barley Hub. The International Barley Hub (IBH) is a platform to promote excellence in barley science and promote collaboration across the scientific, industrial and commercial sectors. Their goal is to generate new discoveries and their effective translation into wider economic, social and commercial benefits. Through this research and application they aim to improve the resilience and sustainability of barley crop production and mitigate impacts of climate and environmental change. A mouthful, try to understand this.
The IBH received an initial £40 million investment to develop an institute-led innovation centre project as part of the Tay Cities Region Deal funding, and is expected to provide an £18.04 return for every £1 invested. IBH is underpinned by the research excellence of the James Hutton Institute, University of Dundee, Scotland’s Rural College (SRUC), Abertay University, the Rowett Institute, just along the road from me in Perth. Large contributions to barley research funding have come from the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services (RESAS) and have been supplemented by competitive research awards from BBSRC, EU H2020, SUSCROP, DEFRA, The Crop Trust, DivSeek International Network, AHDB, GCRF, EastBio, James Hutton Limited, the European Research Council, The Mylnefield Trust and other charitable organisations. Hell, I need a large dram after that!
Barley is the fourth most important cereal crop in the world, grown in more than 100 countries and used for animal feed, human food and the production of alcohol. Global production of Barley is currently around 150 million tonnes and this is expected to increase with demand from developing economies. The Tay Cities Deal recently awarded £62 million to develop the International Barley Hub and Advanced Plant Growth Centre at the James Hutton Institute site in Dundee. Both projects are set to support the beer and whisky industry worth £20-25 billion to the UK economy, establishing a more streamlined approach to translating barley research and plant science into innovation in the brewing and Scotch whisky industry which relies upon high-quality malting barley.
Just a wee intro into what barley is all about, where it’s going and the affects of climate change. Maybe within the next five years we will see new barley’s making their way into Scotch whisky! We have Vic Cameron give our group tours educational stories and opinions on barley, For groups of 8 or more we can ask Vic for an evening chat and taste! Contact [email protected] or www.whiskytours.scot