31/01/2025
THE Worst Disaster at Sea Ever
On the night of 30th January 1945, the German ocean liner MV Wilhelm Gustloff, carrying more than 10,000 passengers, was torpedoed and sunk in the Baltic Sea by a Russian submarine, in what became the worst-ever maritime disaster.
The Wilhelm Gustloff was built specifically for the German Labour Front’s “Strength Through Joy” programme, which subsidised leisure activities for German workers. Launched in the presence of Adolf Hi**er in May 1937, she departed on her maiden voyage on 24th March 1938. Over the course of 17 months, she went on around 50 cruises, transporting some 65,000 vacationers. At the start of WWII, the Wilhelm Gustloff was requisitioned by the German navy to serve as a hospital ship, before being converted into a floating barracks for the 2nd Submarine Training Division, based in Gdynia, Poland, in November 1940.
In early 1945, as the Red Army advanced on East Prussia, the Germans began a mass evacuation of German troops and civilians from the area. After four years at anchor, Wilhelm Gustloff left Gdynia just after noon on 30th January 1945, bound for Kiel. On board were an estimated 10,600 passengers and crew, the vast majority being civilians. Although originally part of a larger convoy, two ships were forced to turn back, leaving just one torpedo boat as an es**rt.
At around 7 pm, Wilhelm Gustloff was sighted by the Russian submarine S-13, commanded by Captain Alexander Marinesko, who followed the vessel for two hours before launching four torpedoes. At 9.16 pm, three of the torpedoes hit their target, causing the ship to list heavily to port. Most of the lifeboats were frozen in their davits, and only a small number could be lowered. Even then, the heavy list soon made even this task impossible, with many on board forced to dive into the freezing waters.
It is estimated that almost 9,400 people perished, either from the initial torpedo explosions, or subsequently, from being crushed as they attempted to flee the sinking vessel, through drowning, or freezing to death in the water. Only 1,239 people were rescued, making the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff the largest single loss of life in maritime history.