16/02/2021
Brief History of the Historic Roman Carnival
The Roman Carnival has been one of the most colorful events in the history of the city. Possibly deriving from the pagan festivities of the Saturnalia that in roman times celebrated an ideal archaic period when the god Saturn ruled a world of equality and no trace of slavery was on Earth. The masquerades level social differences by wearing masks and costumes and everybody gains a certain freedom during those days showing an hidden part of ourself, usually put away in the ordinary days.
Since the first competitions between the roman rioni (districts) including bullfights in the areas of Testaccio and Agone (Piazza Navona), in 1466 Pope Paul II moved all the important celebrations to the central street, formerly named Via Lata, and then renamed Via del Corso due to the corsa (race) of the berber horses without jockeys. And this just in front of his brand-new palace in the old Piazza San Marco now known as Piazza Venezia.
The Roman carnival lasted nine days and started with an official parade of the Senator (the governor of the city) along the Corso and the ring of bells from the Town Hall on the Capitol Hill. Only after this ceremony, everybody was allowed to show off on the road with all different types of masks according to personal possibility and creativity including trades and typical italian characters such as Pulcinella, Harlequin and Rugantino; only military and ecclesiastical costumes were forbidden with the pillory always well visible as a deterrent to crimes. The balconies were adorned with colorful banners and flowers as people threw little chalk confetti at others making everybody look, at the end of the day, as whitewashed as a baker.
Every day there was a competition, mainly a race, for the youth, the seniors, the Jews, donkeys and horses on the last day, martedì grasso, with cash prizes and a palio (silk banner) given to the winning animals and owners. All this before the last incredible event which was also a symbolic funeral of the carnival: la festa dei moccoletti (the candle party) when everybody holded a lit candle and tried to blow out anybody's candles screaming "sia ammazzato chi non porta il moccoletto!" (whoever not holding a candle shall be slayed). This was the last event before Ash Wednesday and the beginning of Lent (Carne Levare that is 'meat removal'). This is why Tuesday was a 'fat day', the last time to eat abundantly before the forty days of penance.
Accidents were frequent during the horse races and when Queen Margherita assisted to the death of a boy who was run over as He crossed the road, in 1883 the long-lasting event described by several writers (Goethe, Henry James, Charles Dickens, Belli) and pictured in so many works had to be abolished since it was considered not suitable for the modern times.