21/03/2019
I SOLDATI CONVALESCENTI CURATI A BORDIGHERA
Nursing the wounded soldiers in Bordighera – Helen Blanc-Francard
In supporting Valerie Lester’s book research in 2016, Helen Blanc-Francard unearthed articles by Ferruccio Poggi drawn from the Journal de Bordighera about the efforts made for wounded soldiers convalescing in Bordighera. We reproduce below in full the three articles by Ferruccio Poggi, of which a typical entry is…"Rilevò l'atto munifico del Signor Bicknell, che lascia gratuitamente all'associazione ed ai soldati convalescenti l'uso dello splendido locale ad uso museo sulla Strada Romana coll'attiguo incantevole giardino".“He noted the bountiful activities of Mr. Bicknell, who gives to the association and the convalescing soldiers, free of charge, the use of the splendid museum room on the Via Romana with its charming garden .”
Helen aBordighera camp 1916lso found an article by Dorothea Matilda Taylor on nursing the wounded in 1918 in several parts of Italy and the Riviera, which we reproduce in full in Appendix 4 below.
Image, right: Piccoli ospedali da campo furono attendati nell'area pianeggiante, ora occupata dai campi da tennis, e dietro la Casa Bianca.
As well as donations of items like sheets and bandages, war hospitals needed food supplies for the wounded soldiers. British Red Cross V.A.D. members worked as cooks in British Military Hospitals in places like Genoa, Bordighera, Cremona, Arquata Scrivia and Taranto. On average they prepared and served 40,000 meals per month. Dishes for the recovering soldiers included jellies, broth, custard and chicken soufflé.
Photos of convalescing military personnel in Cannes also confirm that if you didn’t actually die, the Cote d’Azur and Bordighera’s luxuriously equipped hotels were a great place to be sent to for re-booting after the horrors of battle and much better that some cold, dismal Scottish stately home. Helen also recorded information on the soldiers who did not make it and who are buried in the Bordighera British Cemetery, and we reproduce a complete list at www.clarencebicknell.com/downloads. The Italians entered the war on the Allied side, declaring war on Austria, in May 1915. Commonwealth forces were at the Italian front between November 1917 and November 1918, and rest camps and medical units were established at various locations in northern Italy behind the front, some of them remaining until 1919. From the Summer of 1917 until late 1918, the Mediterranean lines of communication for the British Salonika Force ran the length of Italy from Taranto in the south-east, to Turin in the north-west. The 62nd General Hospital was posted at Bordighera from January 1918 to January 1919, and the 66th from January to March 1918. The British cemetery is opposite the town cemetery and was used from November 1917 to January 1919. It contains 72 Commonwealth burials of the First World War, and 12 Austrian war graves.
You can download the complete list of personnel buried at Bordighera British Cemetery in Excel format
A Darn Good Yarn
Knitting, the First World War, Bordighera and Bicknell
By Helen Blanc-Francard and Marcus Bicknell
Research by Helen Blanc-Francard with additional material from Gisella Merello Folli and Marcus
Bicknell, a cooperation of the Clarence Bicknell Association www.clarencebicknell.com
12 December 2018
Clarence arrived at the twilight of his active life,
76 years old in 1914 as the Great War tore up
Europe. He was a pacifist who had devoted
himself to Esperanto, the universal language,
which he thought could bring peace to all
peoples. As his deception grew and old age crept
on, Clarence continued to help the wounded
soldiers convalescing in Bordighera alongside
his regular work helping the old and poor of the
town. Clarence liked doing things with his
hands, and one of the ways he helped others
during the crisis of the First World War was to
reach for his knitting needles.
Maybe handiwork is the characteristic of a man
who enjoyed helping others in practical ways,
especially in times of crisis (read Valerie
Lester’s chapter Terremoto on the earthquake of
1887), working with Padre Giacomo Viale for
the poor and sick of Bordighera and during the
Great War. Valerie Lester devotes a chapter of
MARVELS – The Life of Clarence Bicknell to Good
Deeds and the War Years. She writes
“Clarence busied himself with philanthropy and volunteer aid. He worked for the Red Cross; he
rolled bandages and made slippers – and presumably caught up with his knitting; he collected medicinal and
aromatic plants to sell in benefit of the Red Cross; he made little bags that he filled with sphagnum, a moss, to
apply to wounds – apparently one of the best cures – but complained that no one wanted to collect the moss
without payment; and he visited the sick and comforted the weary. He described to Edward, not without a
certain macabre humour, one of his visits to the sick: ‘Mrs Bonsignore had [her] finger poisoned by a whitethorn spine (probably other poison getting into wound) till at last the finger was cut off & we talked nearly all
the time of this cheerful subject, but washed it down with some good wine, while we gazed at the relic of her
finger & bone carefully preserved in her purse.’
“He turned his museum over to convalescin
A Darn Good Yarn. Copyright © 2019 Clarence Bicknell Association 2
When Clarence first arrived in Bordighera, in 1878, he was already a confirmed knitter.
“He moved away from church matters in his entry for 18 October: ‘I finished a pair of woollen baby’s boots &
gave them to Imperiale – he is such a dear fellow.’ Clarence took his knitting seriously. He then embarked on a kettleholder for Imperiale with his monogram in the centre. It was not entirely successful: ‘A “work of heart”: that is all I can
say about it, for the design is weak & the ex*****on worse.’ Parrett too was working away, making ‘carpet fringe at a fine
rate’ and the Fanshawe ladies ‘beat Kidderminster, Brussels &c &c hollow, by their pretty & comfortable mats & carpets.’
A few weeks later, Clarence took crochet lessons from a Miss Stubberd.”
Troops in the trenches wearing knitted scarves
Knitting pattern for a balaclava cap, c.1916
This 1914 booklet provides patterns for
knitting articles of clothing to keep soldiers in the
trenches or on the high seas warm.
It gives instructions of how to make a ‘ Balaclava
bonnet', a sleeping cap, mittens, ribbed socks as well as
a pair of crocheted bed socks. Similar knitting pattern
books included patterns for 'rifle gloves’, that leave the
thumb and trigger finger free, as well as specialised
garments for wounded soldiers to protect the injuries
they had suffered.
So it is hardly surprising, given Clarence’s interest in knitting and handiwork, that two
researcher-friends, Helen Blanc-Francard and Gisella Merello, in the circle of the Clarence
Bicknell Association have come together at the same place.
A Darn Good Yarn. Copyright © 2019 Clarence Bicknell Association 3
Nursing the wounded soldiers in Bordighera – Helen Blanc-Francard
In supporting Valerie Lester’s book research in 2016, Helen Blanc-Francard unearthed articles by
Ferruccio Poggi drawn from the Journal de Bordighera about the efforts made for wounded
soldiers convalescing in Bordighera. We reproduce below in full the three articles1 by Ferruccio
Poggi, of which a typical entry is…
"Rilevò l'atto munifico del Signor Bicknell, che lascia gratuitamente all'associazione2 ed ai soldati convalescenti
l'uso dello splendido locale ad uso museo sulla Strada Romana coll'attiguo incantevole giardino".
“He noted the bountiful activities of Mr. Bicknell, who gives to the association and the convalescing soldiers,
free of charge, the use of the splendid museum room on the Via Romana with its charming garden .”
Helen also found an article by Dorothea
Matilda Taylor on nursing the wounded
in 1918 in several parts of Italy and the
Riviera, which we reproduce in full in
Appendix 4 below.
Image, right: Piccoli ospedali da campo
furono attendati nell'area pianeggiante,
ora occupata dai campi da tennis, e
dietro la Casa Bianca.
(Small field hospitals were encamped in
the plain, now occupied by tennis courts,
and behind the White House.)
As well as donations of items like sheets
and bandages, war hospitals needed food
supplies for the wounded soldiers. British
Red Cross V.A.D. members worked as
cooks in British Military Hospitals in
places like Genoa, Bordighera, Cremona,
Arquata Scrivia and Taranto. On average
they prepared and served 40,000 meals
per month. Dishes for the recovering
soldiers included jellies, broth, custard
and chicken soufflé. 3
Above, right: Nurses, staff and patients at
the Infermeria Britannica (British
Hospital) in Florence, Italy, 1916.
Soldiers recuperating in a hotel on the Cote d’Azur,
1915. “Inside one of the luxuriously equipped hotels -
now requisitioned for soldiers of all nationalities to
recover and recuperate following injury on the
battlefield”
Photos of convalescing military
personnel in Cannes also confirm that if
you didn’t actually die, the Cote d’Azur
and Bordighera’s luxuriously equipped
hotels were a great place to be sent to for re-booting after the horrors of battle and much better
that some cold, dismal Scottish stately home. The last ambulance train taking soldiers away from
Bordighera left on the 27th October 1918, but no images can be found.
1 www.bordighera.net/bordighera-e-la-guerra-1915-1918-prima-parte-n22188 etc., reproduced in Appendices 1, 2 and 3
below
2 Associazione pro assistenza ai feriti", "The Association for assisting the wounded"
3 Source https://attinghamww1stories.wordpress.com/tag/red-cross/
A Darn Good Yarn. Copyright © 2019 Clarence Bicknell Association 4
Helen also recorded information on the
soldiers who did not make it and who
are buried in the Bordighera British
Cemetery 4 (contemporary photo,
right), and we reproduce a complete
list at www.clarencebicknell.com/downloads.
The Italians entered the war on the
Allied side, declaring war on Austria, in
May 1915. Commonwealth forces were
at the Italian front between November
1917 and November 1918, and rest
camps and medical units were
established at various locations in
northern Italy behind the front, some of them remaining until 1919. From the Summer of 1917
until late 1918, the Mediterranean lines of communication for the British Salonika Force ran the
length of Italy from Taranto in the south-east, to Turin in the north-west. The 62nd General
Hospital was posted at Bordighera from January 1918 to January 1919, and the 66th from
January to March 1918. The British cemetery is opposite the town cemetery and was used from
November 1917 to January 1919. It contains 72 Commonwealth burials of the First World War,
and 12 Austrian war graves.