14/11/2014
Geography & Climate
Although a small country, Lebanon’s varied geographical areas fall into four features. First there is the narrow costal plain where five of Lebanon’s great historical cities developed: Tripoli, Byblos, Beirut, sidon and Tyre. The 220 kilometer-long coastlines is marked by indentations and rocky outcrops wherever the sub-coastal range joins the sea.
The second geographical feature is a north-south mountain range known as Mount Lebanon. Appearing at times to rise abruptly from the sea, Mount Lebanon covers more than a third of the country. Its western slopes are well wooded and are frequently broken by wild valley. The mountains rise gradually over a distance of some 30 kilometers to the highest peaks of Sannine (2,628 meters) and Qornet es Sawda (3,069 meters).
It is Mount Lebanon, or jabel lubnan in Arabic , that gave its name to the country . In fact Lebanon owes its geographical unity to this mountainous range, which is almost entirely contained within its frontiers.
The next of Lebanon’s four areas is the Beqaa valley which is between 8 to 15 Kilometers wide and about 120 Kilometers long form north to south . A fertile plain east of the Mount Lebanon range between 800 and 1,250 meters in elevation, the Beqaa valley was known as the breadbasket of the Roman Empire in ancient times. Still the major agricultural zone of Lebanon, the central area is the most fertile while the southern part is less cultivated, being swampy and full of rocks. It is through the Beqaa that the 140 Kilometers-long Litani River, the longest in the Lebanon, turns to meet the Mediterranean between Sidon and Tyre.
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On the eastern side of the Beqaa, the Anti-Lebanon mountains and Mount Hermon rise. A chain of rocky, almost treeless mountains running parallel to the Lebanon range, the Anti-Lebanon is lower but more complete than Mount Lebanon. These mountains form the frontier between Lebanon and Syria.
Lebanon enjoys an essentially Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters and long summers which are warm and humid.
The spring months sometimes witness the so-called Khamseen,a hot, dry wind, but these winds are usually short-lived.
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Religious Sites - Christian Sites
THE GREEK -CATOLIC CATHEDRAL OF SAINTS ELIAS
Built near the end of the 19th century, this church has a vaulted interior that was once decorated with marble .
THE GREEK ORTHODOX CATHEDRAL OF ST. GEORGE
Built in 1767 this was the oldest functioning church in Beirut before the recent war . Its rich decorations were lost during the fighting. But is now under restoration.
THE CAPUCINES CATHEDRAL
Dedicated to St. Louis , the Capuchins Cathedral was inaugurated in 1863 to serve the Latin foreign community of Beirut .
THE MARONITE CATHEDRAL OF ST.GEORGE
Built in 1888 in the neo-classical style , this church was recently renovated .
THE EVANGELICAL CHURCH
This church was built by Evangelical Anglo- American missionaries in 1867 . Destroyed during the war, it has been rebuilt to incorporate the ruined bell tower.