27/09/2018
Today is World Tourism Day, and we’re celebrating all travelers with Johannes Vermeer’s Geographer (Städelsches Kunstinstitut | Frankfurt, Germany)—a rare example of a signed and dated painting by Vermeer, and one of the only two male portraits he left.
Sometimes considered a pendant to the artist’s Astronomer (Louvre | Paris, France), the Geographer might represent the same person—Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch businessman and scientist of the Golden Age, the inventor of the microscope and a friend of Vermeer’s. However, rather than a portrait of a specific person, it is a so-called tronie: the depiction of a social role, of a character, a type. A scientist in his study was a common topic of Dutch paintings of the 17th c.—a time of overwhelming discoveries that fascinated travelers, scholars, and common people alike. The Golden-Age Netherlands were not just a land of merchants and artists; Dutch cities counted among the most vibrant intellectual centers in Europe. Scientists and scholars belonged to the elite of the society—the circle in which Vermeers found his clients.
The Geographer seems to be tracing a route on a map. The terrestrial globe behind him, published in 1618 in Amsterdam by the Hondius family of cartographers—the same who made the celestial globe featured in the Astronomer—is turned toward the Indian Ocean, where the Dutch East India trading Company was then actively building a powerful Dutch commercial empire.
The Geographer is not focused on a book, like the scientist from a similar work by Gerrit Dou (Astronomer | J. Paul Getty Museum | Los Angeles, USA). The book seems to provide a starting point for his own reflexion: his eyes are narrowed, as if to indicate intense thinking. What about? Vermeer’s paintings never offer a single straightforward reading—hence the “mystery” he’s often quoted for. It is fair to assume that for him, science isn’t a work of mere description and calculation; it is a complex but gratifying spiritual effort of contemplation, reflexion, and imagination.
Johannes Vermeer, c. 1668-1669, oil on canvas | Städelsches Kunstinstitut | Frankfurt, Germany