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Memorial Guide

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Polska
Oswiecim
Memorial Guide

Memorial Guide is a project presenting the tragic history of the largest German Nazi death camp- Auschwitz Birkenau.
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07/02/2025

Originally developed in the 1920s by the German company Degesch, Zyklon B was a hydrogen cyanide-based insecticide used for disinfestation and extermination. In pellet form, it released the deadly gas on contact with air.

During World War II, the N**i authorities saw it as a tool of mass extermination. The breakthrough came with the use of Zyklon B in the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp starting in 1941. In modified gas chambers, lined with the guise of baths, victims (mainly Jews, but also Roma, Soviet prisoners of war and others) were gassed, with death occurring within minutes or so. This method, „efficient” and industrial, allowed the murder of hundreds of thousands of people at a time, becoming a symbol of the Holocaust.

Companies supplying Zyklon B, such as Degesch and Tesch & Stabenow, continued to work with the SS despite awareness of its uses. After the war, some of the co-creators of this death machine were tried.

Transformed from a tool of hygiene to a weapon of genocide, Zyklon B remains one of the cruelest examples of the totalitarian regime’s perverse use of science.
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**i

02/02/2025

Auschwitz I• the building of the camp kitchen.

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**i

29/01/2025

On January 27, 2025, ceremonies were held to mark the 80th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz-Birkenau. The event was attended by some 50 survivors and delegations from more than 60 countries and international organizations

At the ceremony the survivors’ main statements were about memory, the future and an appeal for tolerance. Marian Turski stressed that only a handful of survivors remain, and called for reflection on the future and remembrance of the victims. Leon Weintraub appealed to the young to be sensitive to intolerance. Tova Friedman spoke about her experiences in the camp, stressing that history must not repeat itself. Janina Iwanska spoke about the difficulties in determining the number of victims due to the lack of registration.

Auschwitz survivors convey a message to young people about memory, tolerance and the uniqueness of history. They encourage sensitivity to intolerance and to not allow such crimes to be repeated. The message often includes an appeal to cherish the memory of the victims and protect the values of democracy and human rights. Survivors stress that young people have a key role in ensuring that history does not repeat itself.

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**i

14/04/2024

The first owner of the building erected between 1935 and 1937 at 88 Legionów Street in Oświęcim was a sergeant in the Polish army, Józef Soja. Having left home in September 1939, he went to war with his military unit. In May 1940, the sergeant's wife, Józefa Soja, was also forced to leave the family home. The building, located on the south side of town, shared the fate of other buildings within the Zasole district, and was handed over to the SS, after the occupants had been evicted earlier.

The further fate of the building between 1940 and 1944 was closely linked to the Hoess family. Seconded by Heinrich Himmler in May 1940, Rudolf Hoess arrived in Auschwitz (Oswiecim), then occupied by the Third Reich, with orders to supervise the concentration camp under construction there. Acting as the commandant of Auschwitz-Birkenau until the autumn of 1943, Rudolf Hoess led the creation of Auschwitz, the largest German N**i death camp and centre for the mass extermination of Jews in Europe. After numerous promotions, Hoess was transferred to Berlin in November 1943. He returned to Auschwitz on official business in May 1944, supervising the extermination of Hungarian Jews on Himmler's orders. Höss's wife Hedwig lived with their five children in the building on Legionów Street continuously until the end of 1944, leading a comfortable life just 150 m from the crematorium behind the camp wall.

Text: zabytek.pl

11/03/2023

,,Arbeit macht frei'' sign in Auschwitz I.

The Auschwitz gate was made on the orders of the N**i Germans by Polish political prisoners deported in one of the first transports arriving from Wiśnicz at the turn of 1940-1941. The inscription, on the other hand, was created in the camp's locksmith shop. It was made by prisoners from the locksmith commando under the leadership of Jan Liwacz, a master blacksmith (camp number 1010). Apparently, they were supposed to have deliberately reversed the letter B as a sign of disobedience and an act of resistance to the slogan proclaimed on the gate.

For the tormented prisoners of Auschwitz, the gate and the inscription on it were a symbol of the hell, hypocrisy and cruelty inflicted on them by the N**i criminals. The shocking irony of this slogan, even after many years, caused horror among the surviving victims of the Auschwitz concentration camp.

31/12/2022

Auschwitz I: the camp gate, with the cynical inscription ,, Work makes you free”. Despite the slogan on the gate, labor was one of the methods of breaking down the people sent to the camp.

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**i

10/07/2022

The gas chamber and crematorium in Auschwitz I.

Originally in this building was a morgue in which the corpses of murdered prisoners were stored,and burnt in an adjacent room with crematorium ovens. For one year, from autum 1941 to December 1942, the morgue served as a gas chamber in which Jews and Sowiet POWs were murdered using Zycklon B gas.

03/05/2022

According to Polish historian Franciszek Piper, of the 1,095,000 Jews deported to Auschwitz, around 205,000 were registered in the camp and given serial numbers; 25,000 were sent to other camps; and 865,000 were murdered soon after arrival. Adding non-Jewish victims gives a figure of 900,000 who were murdered without being registered.

During "selection" on arrival, those deemed able to work were sent to the right and admitted into the camp (registered), and the rest were sent to the left to be gassed. The group selected to die included almost all children, women with small children, the elderly, and others who appeared on brief and superficial inspection by an SS doctor not to be fit for work. Practically any fault—scars, bandages, boils and emaciation—might provide reason enough to be deemed unfit. Children might be made to walk toward a stick held at a certain height; those who could walk under it were selected for the gas. Inmates unable to walk or who arrived at night were taken to the crematoria on trucks; otherwise the new arrivals were marched there. Their belongings were seized and sorted by inmates in the "Kanada" warehouses, an area of the camp in sector BIIg that housed 30 barracks used as storage facilities for plundered goods; it derived its name from the inmates' view of Canada as a land of plenty.

03/05/2022

The courtyard between blocks 10 and 11, known as the "death wall", served as an ex*****on area, including for Poles in the General Government area who had been sentenced to death by a criminal court. The first ex*****ons, by shooting inmates in the back of the head, took place at the death wall on 11 November 1941, Poland's National Independence Day. The 151 accused were led to the wall one at a time, stripped naked and with their hands tied behind their backs. Danuta Czech noted that a "clandestine Catholic mass" was said the following Sunday on the second floor of Block 4 in Auschwitz I, in a narrow space between bunks.

An estimated 4,500 Polish political prisoners were executed at the death wall, including members of the camp resistance. An additional 10,000 Poles were brought to the camp to be executed without being registered. About 1,000 Soviet prisoners of war died by ex*****on, although this is a rough estimate. A Polish government-in-exile report stated that 11,274 prisoners and 6,314 prisoners of war had been executed. Rudolf Höss wrote that "ex*****on orders arrived in an unbroken stream". According to SS officer Perry Broad, "[s]ome of these walking skeletons had spent months in the stinking cells, where not even animals would be kept, and they could barely manage to stand straight. And yet, at that last moment, many of them shouted 'Long live Poland', or 'Long live freedom'."
Photo: T. Drzewiecki 2019

03/04/2022

Auschwitz II Birkenau: ruins of gas chamber and Crematorium III where several thousand Jews were murdered by gas and their body burned.

31/03/2022

Auschwitz II Birkenau : in Block 28 newborn babies and their mothers were executed by phenol injections to the heart.

Photos: T. Drzewiecki

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Memorial Guide

Auschwitz is the name given to the cluster of concentration, labour and extermination camps established by the German N**is during the Second World War and located near the town of Oświęcim and village of Brzezinka in southern Poland, about 60 km from Krakow. The camps have become a place of pilgrimage for survivors, their families and all visitors who wish to see this place.

Auschwitz I has a lot of exhibitions in the historical buildings - many hours are required to see it all.

Auschwitz II has a bigger area, but a much smaller amount of historical information. It is possible to do justice to both camps in one very long and difficult day.