20/05/2021
Taking a moment to remember the Marquis de Lafayette who passed away 187 years ago today. The Marquis was quite familiar with our city, as he aided in its defense late in the American Revolution, and he returned here for several days during his return tour in 1824.
Among the places that the Marquis visited in Richmond that you can still see today are the Capitol building and Executive Mansion, Masons’ Hall, Monumental Church, and the Old Stone House (now home to the Poe Museum).
Gilbert du Motier, the Marquis de Lafayette, was one of the wealthiest men in France (which is to say in the world), when, inspired by the words of the American Declaration of Independence, he left the comfort and security of his home, traveled to America, and offered his service to the cause of American liberty. At age 19, he was commissioned Major General, to this day the youngest person ever to hold that rank in the American army.
Lafayette soon became one of General Washington’s most trusted generals, and his contributions to American independence are immeasurable. Having been orphaned at a young age, Lafayette greatly admired Washington, who became a father figure for him. And likewise, Lafayette became like a foster son to Washington, who had no biological children of his own.
To the end of his long and celebrated life, Lafayette remained devoted to his adopted county. He named his only son George Washington and named a daughter Virginia. He named his French estate “Little Virginia” and required those who visited him there to speak English (a language he had taught himself while crossing the ocean to join the American cause).
Having returned to France after the war ended, Lafayette became a key player in the cause of French liberty and he remains a revered hero in that country as well. He was the principal author of the French Declaration of the Rights of Man, modeling it on the American Declaration of Independence, and he helped create the French tri-color flag, inspired by (you guessed it) the American flag.
Lafayette was 67 years old when, in 1824, President James Monroe and Congress invited him to come to the United States in honor of the nation’s upcoming 50th birthday. After Washington’s death in 1799, he had given up his dream of someday returning to Virginia and living near Mount Vernon, but Lafayette was delighted at the invitation and welcomed the opportunity to return to the country he had helped create. During his year-long grand tour of the country, the aging hero (one of the last surviving leaders of the Revolution) visited all 24 states and was greeted everywhere he went by cheering enthusiastic crowds. When he returned to France in September 1825, he took back with him some soil from Bunker Hill.
At age 76, Lafayette died at his home in Paris. At his request, his son George Washington du Motier sprinkled the soil from Bunker Hill over his father’s coffin as it was lowered into the ground. An American flag has flown continually over the grave ever since.
When word of Lafayette’s death reached America there was an outpouring of grief that equaled that when Washington died. Flags were lowered to half mast, John Quincy Adams delivered a eulogy in a joint session of Congress attended by the president, the cabinet, the Supreme Court justices, and the American diplomatic corps. Twenty-four-gun salutes were fired by every American naval ship and at every American military post, followed by a single cannon shot every half-hour afterwards until sunset. For six months American officers wore black armbands, and American citizens wore mourning dress for thirty days.
Hundreds of places in America, including at least 36 cities and towns, are named in honor of Lafayette.
Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette, the “Hero of Two Worlds,” died on May 20, 1834, one hundred eighty-seven years ago today.
The painting is “Lafayette’s Baptism of Fire” by E. Percy Moran (1909).