20/03/2022
Chu Van An- The saint-like figure in the Temple of Literature
In the famous Temple of Literature in the center of the bustling Hanoi, one man is being worshiped side by side with Confucius, Chu An( or better known today as Chu Van An). Since being recognized in the political arena, his name has been synonymous with integrity and wisdom. What is so special about this man that gives him a place at the altar alongside the famous thinker and ideologist of the east?
Chu An (1292–1370) was born in a small village near the capital city of the empire. The capital of the kingdom was Thang Long( or The city of the rising dragon) at that time. He passed the prestigious imperial examination but turned down the offer to be a mandarin or a government official. He went back to his hometown and opened a school. Eventually he was asked to return to the imperial academy, or the Temple of Literature to become a teacher under the reign of Tran Minh Tong (1314–1329). Chu An was overseeing the education of the crown prince himself at the academy. This post wielded enormous influence but it was often overlooked. Chu An was molding the mindset of the crown prince Tran Hien Tong and the future imperial officials who would later shape the vision of the empire. Many of his students also went on to become high-ranking officials at the imperial court. Due to the Confucian education, these powerful officials had the highest respect for their teacher, Chu An, even when they already were influential politicians. Having an audience with their former teacher was considered a privilege and an honor so these former students would humbly dismount themselves long before entering Chu An’s house. On the other hand, being rejected by their teacher was a disgrace in Confucian belief so when some of Chu An’s students showed signs of corruption at court, he would simply not meet with them.
When Chu An arrived at the Temple of Literature, this imperial institution was already quite well-established. This temple of learning was constructed in 1070 during the reign of emperor Ly Thanh Tong. The temple was dedicated to Confucius, sages and scholars.
Chu An finally ascended to be an influential figure in the government but he suited the role of an activist and a scholar better than that of a politician. The frankness in his character directly clashed with the artful flattery bestowed to the emperor from other government officials. From a true Confucian standpoint, reveling in artful flattery not only deserved contempt but also was the omen of danger to the entire empire.
No longer able to watch all the manipulation and deception at court, he submitted the seven decapitations petition to emperor Tran Du Tong suggesting the executions of seven government officials who were favored by the emperor but considered corrupt by him. The emperor rejected his petition. Tran Du Tong was an impotent emperor and a hedonist who was primarily concerned with leisure pursuits such as wine, women and music according to contemporary historians. Upon the refusal of the emperor, Chu An deserted the Tran court and withdrew himself to Phoenix Mountain in Hai Duong province where he spent the rest of his life.
The Imperial Academy lost a great teacher. However, Chu An’s talent and integrity had not gone unrecognized by the scholars at the academy. An altar was dedicated to worship him and has been well looked-after until these days. The reverence of Chu Van An in the Temple of Literature reflects the emphasis of Vietnamese values where education, integrity and wisdom are placed above all else.
Photo Credit:
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