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"Agar firdaus bar roo-e zameen ast,
Hameen ast-o hameen ast-o hameen ast."
["If there is a paradise on earth,
It is this, it is this, it is this...!"]
It is a unique architectural gallery. Malik Yaqub, an architect built this structure by the order of Sultan Ibrahim Adilshah II. Gliding and ornamental work is of special attraction.
Muhammad Adil Shah of the Bijapur Sultanate with his African Prime Minister Ikhlas Khan.
Neela Gumbad (Blue Dome), Delhi
नीला गुंबद, दिल्ली
Source:Aga khan trust for Culture
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Conserved in 2019 by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), Nila Gumbad which was built in the 1530’s, is one of the earliest Mughal era monuments located within the Humayun's tomb complex at Delhi. The mausoleum was built on an Island in the River Yamuna and at a later date, Humayun’s Tomb was built abutting Nila Gumbad. The Nila Gumbad is unique in Delhi, deriving its name from the turquoise blue tiles that cover its dome.
Historians are unsure about the identity of the person who has been buried.In the book Asarus Sanadid, Syed Ahmed Khan writes that this mausoleum houses the tomb of Fahim Khan. Fahim Khan was an attendant of Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana and died in 1626, during the reign of Mughal emperor Jahangir. It seems Miyan Fahim was later buried in the structure by Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khana who was the son of Bairam Khan, a courtier in the royal courts of Mughal Emperor Akbar.
In the 19th century when the train networks were laid out by the then British Govt, the eastern half of the Nila Gumbad garden was lost under the Platform 1 of Hazrat Nizamuddin Railway Station.
Then, in the 1980’s a road was built bifurcating Nila Gumbad from Humayun’s Tomb and thereafter Nila Gumbad was occupied by a squatter settlement with over 200 jhuggis.
Efforts of the Archaeological Survey of India and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture to relocate the inhabitants of the squatter settlement succeeded in 2005. Thereafter, in 2014, agreements were reached with the Railways to shift the road bifurcating Humayun’s Tomb and Nila Gumbad to allow access to Nila Gumbad for visitors to Humayun’s Tomb.
This enabled the Aga Khan Trust for Culture to undertake major conservation works on the monument, restore its landscape setting and rebuild the alternate road over the past five years.
Conservation works needed to commence from the dome wherein 15000 brick like tiles were missing. This required to establish kilns at Humayun’s Tomb and revive a lost craft tradition – and employing youth from Hazrat Nizamuddin Basti.
Significantly with the land recovered from the railways at least half the original garden could be restored. During the conservation works, the archaeological remains of a ramp were discovered. This, it is believed that this ramp was used to lift stone and other building material that arrived here on boats.
In 2017, Nila Gumbad was declared by UNESCO as a World Heritage Monument as part of the extended Humayun’s Tomb World Heritage.
Nine things you may not have known about Tipu Sultan, India’s first freedom fighter
What we didn't know
1. Tipu was the most feared Indian of his time in Britain. When he died there were jubilant celebrations in Britain, with authors, playwrights and painters creating works to celebrate it. The siege and looting of Tipu’s capital at Srirangapattana, for example, is the opening scene of Wilkie Collins’ famous novel, The Moonstone.
2. He was the only Indian ruler who understood the dangers the British posed to India, and fought four wars to oust them from India – in that sense he could be called the first freedom fighter in the subcontinent.
3. Tipu sent missions to the Ottoman and French rulers, seeking them as allies to oust the British from India.
4. Tipu was fascinated by western science and technology, and got gun makers, engineers, clockmakers and other experts from France to Mysore. He then set up his own manufacture of bronze cannons, ammunition and muskets to “Make in Mysore”.
5. Tipu extensively used tiger imagery to convey a sense of his awesome power. Tiger images emblazoned his golden throne, his textiles, coins, swords and his soldiers uniforms. He also used the Sun symbol, long associated with royalty and divinity among his Hindu subjects.
6. Tipu wrote a Book of Dreams, the Khwab Nama, in which he recorded his dreams. He looked for signs and portents about the outcome of his battles in his dreams.
7. Tipu was not an outside invader – he was a son of the soil, the third generation of his family to be born in south India.
8. Tipu’s chief minister Purnaiya, was a Hindu, as were several prominent nobles at his court.
9. Tipu was a generous patron of several Hindu temples, including the Sri Ranganatha temple near his main palace at Srirangapattana, and the Sringeri Math, whose swami he respected and called Jagadguru.
Tipu Sultan versus the British
For thirty years, first Haidar Ali, Tipu’s father, then Tipu himself, had been at the forefront of the British public’s consciousness. Terrifying tales of attacks on British forces and threats to trading settlements such as Madras appeared in the newspapers of the day, embellished by distance as they were carried home by sea.
Over the decades and through four Anglo-Mysore wars, people hungrily awaited reports of the latest outrage perpetrated by the so-called tyrants. The return of British prisoners of war, some of whom had been held captive in Mysore for several years, led to the writing of books that told harrowing stories of hardship and torture.
That many of these accounts were self-serving was of little interest to their avid readers. So by the time he died at the hands of General Harris’s troops, as they besieged his island capital in 1799,Tipu Sultan was possibly the most famous Indian, if not villain, in the United Kingdom.
Not surprisingly, celebrations in Britain at the news of Tipu’s demise fuelled further creative output on the part of not only authors and playwrights but also artists, who put paint to canvas to glorify the victory. Careers were launched and some ended.
Arthur Wellesley, later to become the Duke of Wellington, famous for defeating Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, was placed in charge of Srirangapattana and then went on to overcome the Marathas in 1803, at the Battle of Assaye. India was Wellesley’s proving ground.
The governor-general, Lord Mornington, who was Arthur’s older brother Richard, did not fare so well. Having ordered the attack on Mysore in defiance of his political masters at home, and despite energetic attempts by his supporters to vindicate him, his only reward was an undistinguished Irish peerage and retirement.
Well into the nineteenth century, the infamous figure of Tipu Sultan held sway in the public mind. As late as 1868, Wilkie Collins chose the siege of Srirangapattana and its subsequent looting as the setting for the opening of his bestselling novel The Moonstone.
One has to wonder what Tipu would have made of it all. Also, would he have cared? Very probably, he would. To terrorise his enemies was his goal and in that he had succeeded, not only through his actions but also by his clever use of imagery and symbolism. Although he did not realise it, his choice of the tiger motif for his insignia resonated strongly with the British, whose own emblem is the lion.
It is no coincidence that the Seringapatam medal, awarded to those who had taken part in the siege, depicts a rampaging lion mauling a supine tiger. The ecstatic celebrations would also have confirmed in Tipu’s mind that he had been correct in his assumption that the East India Company’s expansionist activities were a credible threat to the freedom of the subcontinent’s inhabitants, that he was the last bulwark against British imperial desires.
It is this prescience that distinguishes Tipu and his father from their contemporaries. With Tipu gone, the Company was able, in his own words, to ‘fix [its] talons’ ever deeper into Indian soil.
Excerpted with permission from Tiger: The Life of Tipu Sultan, Kate Brittlebank, Juggernaut.
The moseleum of Khoja Ahmed Yesevi, Kazakhstan, built by Amir Timur between 1396-1405.
Khoja Ahmad Yasawi was one of the most influential spiritual leaders in Central Asia. He was a Sufi poet and a mystic who contributed tremendously to the development of mystical orders throughout the Turkic speaking world during the 12th century.
Emir Timur'un 1396-98 yılları arasında inşa ettirdiği Kazakistan'ın Türkistan kentinde bulunan Türk tasavvufunun öncüsü Hoca Ahmed Yesevi Türbesi.
The beautiful Qutb Minar, lit up at night, Delhi. The Qutb Minar was comissioned by Sultan Qutb al-Din Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, with the first phase of its construction completed in the year 1199.
The tomb is named after the Delhi saint, Hazrat Qutbuddin Bakhtiar Kaki & is believed to represent & mark the establishment of Muslim power in Delhi & North India (Hindostan).
Tomb of Hazrat Shahpeer, Meerut, UP
حضرت شاہ پیر کا مقبرہ ، میرٹھ ، اتر پردیش
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میرٹھ میں حضرت شاہ پیر کا مقبرہ شمالی ہند کے قدیم ترین مذہبی مقامات میں سے ایک ہے ، یہ شاہپیر صاحب کے مزار کے طور پر بھی مشہور ہے۔ یہ مقبرہ 1620 میں مغل سلطنت اور شہنشاہ جہانگیر کی اہلیہ ، نور جہاں نے مقامی صوفی بزرگ حضرت شاہر کی یاد میں تعمیر کیا تھا۔ یہ مقبرہ یا درگاہ تاج محل سے 12 سال پہلے 1620 میں تعمیر کی گئی تھی۔.میرٹھ کے اس مشہور ورثہ سائٹ کے فن تعمیر کا ایک اور خوبصورت پہلو یہ ہے کہ اس کو اس طرح ڈیزائن کیا گیا ہے کہ مرکزی گنبد یا چھت نہ ہونے کے باوجود بارش کا پانی قبر تک نہیں اترتا ہے۔
حضرت شاہپیر مغل بادشاہ جہانگیر کے انسٹرکٹر تھے اور بعد میں رانی نور جہاں کے ڈاکٹر اور مشیر بن گئے۔ ایک کہانی کے مطابق ، اپنے شوہر جہانگیر کی ضرورت سے زیادہ شراب نوشی کی وجہ سے پریشان ، نور جہاں نے میرٹھ کے صوفی بزرگ شاہپیر رحمت اللہ سے رابطہ کیا ، تاکہ اس کے شوہر کو نشے سے بچنے میں مدد ملے۔
یادگار سرخ رنگ کے سینڈ اسٹون سے بنی ہے اور اس پر ڈیزائن اور نقشوں کے ساتھ جکڑی ہوئی نقش و نگار بنا دیئے گئے ہیں۔ . یہ خیال کیا جاتا ہے کہ مقبرہ کی تعمیر کا کام حضرت شاہ پیر کے انتقال سے ایک دن قبل شروع ہوا تھا۔ بعد میں ، شہنشاہ جہانگیر اور نور جہاں کو اقتدار کی جدوجہد کے لئے کشمیر جانا پڑا ، جہاں جہانگیر نے اپنی باقی سانس لی اور مقبرہ نامکمل رہا
16th century Mehrabi gold coin issued by Akbar. These rare coins are issued to commemorate crucial events. It reflects the design of the typical mehrab or niche in the wall of a mosque that indicates the direction of prayer towards Mecca.
Prince Salim, the future Emperor Jahangir, enthroned; a painting
c.1600.
سلطان پرویز کا مقبرہ (شہنشاہ شاہ جہاں کے بڑے بھائی کا مقبرہ) ، آگرہ
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تاج محل دنیا کی سب سے مشہور اور خوبصورت عمارت ہے لیکن اسی تاج محل سے محض چند کلومیٹر دور ، شہنشاہ شاہ جہاں کے بھائی سلطان پرویز کا مقبرہ مکمل کھنڈرات میں ہے اور حالت پر آنسو بہا رہا ہے۔
سلطان پرویز کا مقبرہ آگرہ میں دریائے یمن کے مشرقی کنارے پر ، اعتمد الدولہ اور چنی کا روزا کے مابین ایک جنگل والی جگہ پر واقع ہے ، جو مغل عہد میں باغ تھا۔
سلطان پرویز کے آس پاس کی یادگاریں ASI کے زیر انتظام ہیں ، جبکہ یہ مقبرہ نہیں ہے۔ مقبرے کا اصل ڈیزائن سمرقند میں شہنشاہ تیمور کی قبر کی طرح تعمیر کیا گیا تھا اور آلیشان باغ کے مرکز میں واقع تھا۔ آگرہ کے بہت سے لوگوں کو اس مقبرے کے بارے میں معلوم نہیں ہے۔ یہاں تک کہ گوگل کا نقشہ غلط راستہ دکھاتا ہے
سلطان پرویز مرزا (2 اکتوبر 1589 - 28 اکتوبر 1626) مغل بادشاہ جہانگیر کی تیسری بیوی ، صاحب جمال کا دوسرا بیٹا تھا۔ سلطان پرویز کی بیٹی نادرا بانو بیگم بعد میں دارا شکوہ کی بیوی بنی۔
سلطان پرویز نے تین شادیاں کیں۔
1) 1606 میں ، جہاں بانو بیگم ، سلطان مراد مرزا کی بیٹی ،
2) 1612 میں مرزا روموم کی بیٹی
3) 1624 میں بادشاہ سورج مل کی بیٹی منابھاوتی بائی۔
سلطان پرویز ، ایک بڑا بیٹا ہونے کے باوجود ، نااہل اور افسردہ سمجھا جاتا تھا ، اور اسی وجہ سے وہ مغل تخت کا سنجیدہ دعویدار نہیں تھا۔ وہ جنوبی کی جنگ میں اپنی قیادت میں ناکام رہا اور اپنے والد جہانگیر کا اعتماد کھو بیٹھا۔ سلطان پرویز نے کھنڈیز ، اسیر گڑھ ، بیرار اور بہار جیسے بہت سے اہم مقامات پر کام کیا۔
کہا جاتا ہے کہ سلطان پرویز شراب کے عادی ہوچکا ہے اور 1627 میں زیادہ شراب پینے کی وجہ سے سلطان پرویز شدید بیمار ہوگیا اور کوما میں گر گیا۔ علاج کے بعد ، اس نے تھوڑی دیر کے لئے ہوش سنبھالا اور بالآخر 38 سال کی عمر میں برہان پور میں فوت ہوگیا اور اسے آگرہ لایا گیا اور اپنے باغ میں دفن کردیا گیا۔
اس سرزمین پر جس باغ اور مقبرے کی تعمیر کی گئی ہے انیس سو صدی میں انگریزوں نے نیلام کیا تھا ، تب سے اس قبر کو برباد کردیا گیا تھا اور اس وقت پورا ڈھانچہ کافی کمزور دکھائی دیتا ہے۔ شاید آنے والے سالوں میں اس کا وجود تصویر میں ایک نشان ہوگا
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