23/02/2024
Yangi Kala canyons: a geomorphological and ecological marvel of Turkmenistan Yangi Kala canyons are a remarkable landform in the north-western part of Turkmenistan, about 160 km east of Turkmenbashi. The name Yangi Kala means "Fiery Fortresses" in Turkmen, and refers to the vivid colors and shapes of the canyon walls. The canyons cover an area of about 40 km2, and have a maximum depth of 60-100 m. The origin of the canyons dates back to the Cenozoic era, when the region was covered by the Paratethys Sea, a large inland sea that extended from Central Asia to Eastern Europe. The sea deposited thick layers of sedimentary rocks, such as limestone, sandstone, and marl, that were later uplifted and folded by tectonic forces. About 5.5 million years ago, the sea level dropped dramatically, exposing the rocks to the surface. Since then, the rocks have been eroded by wind, water, and temperature fluctuations, creating the canyons and their distinctive features. The canyons display a rich variety of colors, ranging from white to yellow, orange, red, and purple. The colors are determined by the mineral composition and oxidation state of the rocks. For example, the red color is caused by the presence of iron oxides, while the purple color is due to manganese oxides. The colors also change depending on the time of the day and the angle of the sun, creating a dynamic and captivating scenery. The canyons are not only a geological wonder, but also a biological one. Despite the harsh and arid conditions, the canyons host a diverse and resilient ecosystem, adapted to the extreme temperatures, water scarcity, and salinity. The vegetation consists mainly of xerophytic plants, such as saxaul, tamarisk, wormwood, and wild tulips, that can survive with minimal water and store it in their roots, stems, or leaves. The fauna includes mammals, such as gazelles, foxes, wolves, and jackals, as well as reptiles, birds, and insects. The canyons also provide a habitat for some rare and endangered species, such as the Turkmen wild goat and the Houbara bustard. Yangi Kala canyons are a valuable scientific and cultural heritage of Turkmenistan, and a potential attraction for eco-tourism. They offer a unique opportunity to study the geological and climatic evolution of the region, as well as the biodiversity and adaptation of the living organisms. They also represent a source of inspiration and beauty for the local people and visitors, who can admire the stunning views and the echo effect of the canyon walls. Yangi Kala canyons are a natural treasure that deserves to be preserved and protected for future generations.