11/04/2022
Très beau site à visiter
Work began on the construction of Caerphilly Castle (Castell Caerffili) on 11th April 1268.
Caerphilly Castle is the second largest castle in Britain. It also has the most elaborate water defences of any castle in Britain.
A History of Caerphilly Castle;
After the Norman conquest of England, attempts were made to subdue Wales, with the construction of castles and the establishment of regional lordships being key strategies. The task of subduing Glamorgan was given to the Earls of Gloucester and efforts continued throughout the 12th and early 13th centuries. The de Clare family became Earls of Glamorgan in 1217 and attempted to quell the whole region.
1263 - Gilbert de Clare inherited the family lands. Opposing him was Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, who had taken advantage of the chaos of the civil war in England to expand his power across the region.
1265 - Llywelyn allied with rebel English barons in return for power in Wales.
1268 - The baronial revolt was overthrown, leaving de Clare free to construct a castle at Caerphilly.
1270 Llywelyn attacked and burnt the site, probably destroying the temporary defences and stores.
1271 - de Clare began work again, raising tensions with Llywelyn and prompting Henry to send two bishops to take control of the site and arbitrate a solution to the dispute.
1272 - de Clare seized back the castle, threw out the bishops' soldiers and continued work on the castle.
1276 - Edward I invaded Wales, reducing Llywelyn's power in South Wales.
1282 - Llywelyn was killed.
1290 - Local disputes continued between de Clare and the earl of Hereford, resulting in the temporary royal seizure of Caerphilly.
1294 - Madog ap Llywelyn attacked but failed to take the castle.
1316 - Llywelyn Bren rose in revolt, attacking Caerphilly Castle. The intervention of a royal army broke the Welsh siege.
1317 - Hugh le Despenser the Younger used his relationship with Edward II to expand his power across the region, claiming land throughout South Wales including Caerphilly Castle.
1326 Edward's wife Isabella overthrew his government, forcing the king and Hugh to flee. They were besieged in Caerphilly Castle until March 1327, after which Hugh was executed.
1403 - The forces of Owain Glyndwr captured Caerphilly Castle, but the occupation lasted only one hundred days.
1405 - At the height of his uprising, Glyndwr retook the castle, holding it for a year.
1486 - Ownership of the castle was given to Jasper Tudor, the Earl of Pembroke.
1776 - The Marquesses of Bute acquired the castle, which had gone into decline.
1928 - The fourth Marquess commissioned a major restoration project.
1950 - The fifth Marquess gave Caerphilly Castle to the state. The final stages of the restoration work were completed in the 1950s and 1960s. The castle is now managed by Cadw as a tourist attraction and is a grade I listed building.