14/10/2024
A bit of storm history for our region....
History: Helene set to shove aside 1916 event as area’s worst
By Jim Buchanan
A frequent question heard in these parts after Helene swept over us, sparing a good chunk of Jackson County but wiping a large chunk of Western North Carolina clean off the map, is how Helene stacks up to the big historic storms in Jackson – Frances and Ivan in 2004 and the floods of 1940 and 1916 (hurricanes didn’t receive names until 1950).
In a nutshell, Helene didn’t do the most damage to Jackson, but it did the most damage by far to the region.
And it isn’t even close. We’re not talking apples-to-oranges comparisons, we’re talking elephants to oranges, with Helene the elephant whose damage has yet to be fully quantified.
About the only things the historic storms have in common is that they all packed a one-two punch.
In 1916 a tropical system swept in from Alabama and dropped torrential rains in the mountains, followed about a week later by a system that hit Charleston, S.C. and charged inland. The saturated ground couldn’t hold the second storm and caused heavy flooding in the mountains, leaving around 80 dead and damages estimated at $22 million in 1916 dollars. Asheville suffered heavy damage; at Altapass near Grandfather Mountain, rainfall of 22.22 inches fell in one day, at the time the heaviest rainfall ever recorded in the U.S.
In terms of loss of life and property damage, the 1940 flood was the worst in Jackson history. Again, it was a two-stage event, with heavy rains from a tropical system in mid-August followed by a freak localized system that hit the Caney Fork and Canada sections. Four people were swept away in Canada, three in the same McCall family. Five-year-old Journey McCall’s body was found on Governor’s Island in Bryson City. Young Dale McCall’s body was never recovered, nor was the body of his father, Albert.
Reports from the era describe devastating landslides, and that “people in that part of the county say that all the water did not fall from the skies in the torrential rains, but that explosions like the discharges of dynamite were heard and the water gushed from the craters in the earth. Explosions and the roar in the mountains was said to be deafening… gardens, crops, livestock, and feed prepared for the winter and places in houses, barns, springhouses and smokehouses were all carried away…”
Every bridge across the Tuckaseigee was destroyed. Rains were so hard in other parts of the county that East Fork Creek in the Savannah Community, which normally runs mere inches deep, carried away a heavy-duty truck.
There were some miraculous stories of survival, and one involved Jim Ed Norton’s cow.
The cow was contentedly safe in her barn when the flood came, and she was found carried 10 miles downstream, past East LaPorte and Cullowhee, to the home of Burke Painter. She was led back home the next day.
The 2004 floods hit Jackson hard, and hit neighboring Macon, Haywood and Buncombe harder. Helene knocked the entire region back to the Stone Age with another soaking of heavy rain before the main event.
North Carolina’s Climate Office writes, “Helene exceeded the coverage and calamity, along with the heaviest rainfall totals, from that (1916) event. During Fred, the National Weather Service issued one Flash Flood Emergency – used only rarely during life-threatening and catastrophic water rises – along the Pigeon River. By comparison, portions of 21 counties in North Carolina had those Emergency warnings issued during Helene.
"At the few river gauges in the region that observed both Helene and the 1916 storm, the crests since Helene have broken those long-standing records. The French Broad River and Swannanoa River – which collided at high speeds and high volumes in 1916 to overtake Biltmore Village – both saw new record crests during and after Helene. The French Broad River in Asheville rose 1.5 feet above its previous highest crest, and downstream at Blantyre, the river surpassed its 1916 crest and was still rising when the gauge stopped reporting on Friday afternoon.
"The Swannanoa River at Biltmore crested at 26.1 feet, more than five feet above its 1916 maximum and slightly above the apparent 26-foot crest in April 1791, making this effectively the worst flood along the river since North Carolina became a state.”
Again, Helene’s effect have yet to be fully quantified. But it’s one that certainly is writing tragic new chapters in the area’s storm record book.
PHOTO CAPTION: The 1940 flood wiped out every Jackson bridge crossing the main body of the Tuckaseigee River.