21/08/2020
PCOS
Polycystic o***y syndrome, known as PCOS, is a common endocrine system disorder that predominantly affects women in their reproductive years and also adolescents and postmenopausal women. Early diagnosis and treatment is important as it has many reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular implications. The exact cause and pathogenesis of PCOS are still an area of active research, although multiple hypotheses have been postulated, ranging from genetic susceptibility to environmental exposure. The clinical manifestations of PCOS include oligomenorrhoea, hirsutism, excessive acne and hair loss. In adolescence, it causes significant psychiatric disturbances such as anxiety and depression. PCOS is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility in women. The metabolic consequences include impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, obesity and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Metabolic complications and increased cardiovascular morbidity were found to be more in the classic PCOS compared to other phenotypes, even after adjustment for obesity.Most women with PCOS grow a number of small cysts, or fluid-filled sacs, on their ovaries. The cysts are not harmful, but they can lead to an imbalance in hormone levels.
No single test can determine the presence of PCOS. Thorough medical history, a physical examination and blood tests to measure hormone, cholesterol, and glucose levels are important for the diagnosis. An ultrasound may be used to look at the uterus and ovaries.
PCOS management strategies mainly aim at resolving the four major components of PCOS including regularity of menstrual periods, control of hyperandrogenism (acne and hirsutism), management of infertility and IR along with its associated risk factors (type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and obesity). Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological management like hormonal therapy strategies are important in the overall management of PCOS. PCOS is also a disease of lifestyle so some home and lifestyle interventions can make a difference and relieve some symptoms.Weight loss may also decrease the risk of associated health risks, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, and high blood pressure
Lifestyle intervention includes:
Eating a healthy, well-balanced diet including plenty of fruits and vegetables
Participating in regular physical activity
Maintaining a healthy weight.