01/09/2021
Who is “Una Bulaqueña”?
Una Bulaqueña or sometimes referred to as La Bulaqueña, which literally means ‘woman from Bulacan’ or ‘Bulacan woman’ is an 1895 painting by Juan Novicio Luna.
The Malacanang Music Room used to house this painting until it was brought to the National Museum for conservation work and never returned to the palace- making it more accessible to the public.
Many stories surrounded about the real identity of this serene portrait of a woman in a ‘Maria Clara’ gown.
In 2017, Filipino historian, academic and author Ambeth R. Ocampo wrote in his article “Juan Luna’s ‘La Bulaqueña’ finally identified’ :
“One source stated that “Bulaqueña” was one of the two daughters of a certain Mariquita Sabas, who hosted regular tertulias in her home at No. 2 Espeleta St. in Binondo. These parties were frequented by the Luna brothers, Juan and Antonio, who enjoyed the food, music and conversation that flowed from late afternoon merienda to the early evening dinner, something we in the 21st century now refer to as merienda cena.”
“Sabas’ daughters were Francisca, nicknamed “Paquita,” and Dolores, known to friends as “Loleng.” In the papers of Antonio Luna were found many love letters from Paquita, thus narrowing down the identity of “La Bulaqueña” to Loleng.”
“A second source, Dr. Asuncion Fernando, claimed “Bulaqueña” was Maria “Iyang” Rodrigo Fernando, heroine of the revolution, who supplied katipuneros with food and sometimes carried messages through enemy lines. According to the late Bulacan historian Antonio Valeriano, Iyang Rodrigo had “bushy eyebrows” deftly captured by Luna, a distinguishing characteristic of the Rodrigo family. Valeriano even pointed to the late Senator Francisco “Soc” Rodrigo’s bushy eyebrows to prove his point.”
‘Third source is Rosalinda Orosa, who identified “Bulaqueña” as a relative named Emiliana Trinidad. This claim, like the previous two, would have ended up in the proverbial dustbin of history if not for documentary support.”
“Carmelino Alvendia Jr. invited me to dinner to meet his first cousin Ma. Esperanza de Santos Pahati-Olivera, who claimed “Bulaqueña” was her grandmother Emiliana Trinidad de Santos. This time the claim was supported by photographs. As for the rest of the story—Emiliana, Juan, and her wonderful portrait? Let’s leave that for younger historians to find out.”
“Una Bulaqueña” was declared a National Cultural Treasure in 2008.
Reference: Philippine Daily Inquirer website