29/10/2021
In central London, north of the Thames River, the Tower of London is a severe, imposing fortress that has stood in the same spot for nearly 1,000 years. Over the centuries, it has played many roles in British history, from a royal residence, a prison, a royal menagerie, and a storage facility for royal treasure. However, the Tower of London is most known as a prison, housing some of the most well-known personalities of British history.
In 1066, after the Norman conquest, William the Conqueror founded a fortress where the Tower of London stands today. William was not seen favorably by the local population, for good reason. They saw him as an oppressive despot, and William felt he needed protection from the rebellious English.
The Tower of London was expanded and added upon over the next two and a half centuries, creating the 12-acre complex that can be seen today. Mostly, the Tower was used as one of the royal residences in London, with a special area designated to hold valuables, weapons, and prisoners.
The fortress had always held members of the nobility who had been arrested, but life in captivity was generally easier for them. They could buy better accommodations, and they were allowed to have their servants and maids in their rooms. However, it would take several centuries before the Tower would be instantly associated as a prison.
From the 15th to 17th centuries, the Tower would hold its most famous residents. Two of them actually take the name of where they were held – “The Princes in the Tower.” They were the sons of King Edward IV that were last seen on the Tower grounds in summer 1483. It is generally believed they were murdered there, although their bodies have never been recovered.
Henry VIII would send some of the highest members of the nobility to their doom in the Tower. Known for his matrimonial troubles, he infamously broke with the Catholic Church to divorce his wife and marry Anne Boleyn. Henry’s longtime friend and advisor Sir Thomas More refused to go along with his attempts to form the Anglican Church, which landed him in the Tower. He was executed in 1535.
Two of Henry’s wives, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard, imprisoned in the Tower before their ex*****ons for treason. Henry used the Tower of London as his personal jail, arresting anyone who displeased him. Members of the nobility were arrested and sent to the Tower throughout the rest of the Tudor period. In 1541, Henry VIII arrested his second cousin, Margaret Pole, the Countess of Salisbury, for supporting the Catholic factions that opposed his separation from the Church. The Countess would become one of the most horrific deaths in history. An inexperienced ex*****oner botched Margaret Pole’s ex*****on, hacking away at her at least 10 times before she died.
Henry’s daughter Mary I (known colloquially as “Bloody Mary” for her ex*****ons of Protestants) sent Lady Jane Grey, the Nine Days’ Queen, who had been placed on the throne by Protestant nobles, to the Tower before her ex*****on in 1554. Mary was suspicious that her Protestant sister, Elizabeth, was plotting against her, and she sent Elizabeth to the Tower, too. Elizabeth would eventually become Queen of England, reigning as Elizabeth I.
Despite all these famous prisoners, the Tower of London didn’t really reach its height as a prison until the 17th century. One famous resident was Guy Fawkes, an integral member of the Gunpowder Plot of 1605 to assassinate King James I. Fawkes was held in the Tower of London, where he confessed under torture.
With such a bloody history, it is no surprise that the Tower of London is rumored to be haunted. Several people claim they have seen ghosts wandering the fortress. The lonely Princes in the Tower often appear together, running along the battlements and holding hands as they walk through the White Tower. Of course, some of the apparitions push the scale of the creepy factor. The ghost of Anne Boleyn reportedly haunts the church where she was buried, carrying her severed head. Some say they have also heard the bloodcurdling cries of the tortured Guy Fawkes in the White Tower. Margaret Pole is also said to haunt the grounds, re-enacting her bloody ex*****on upon unsuspecting witnesses.