World-wide Expedition Heritage Tour Company Ltd.

14/06/2024

GOOD MORNING TO EVERY PROUD SON/ DAUGHTER OF THE SOIL OF THE SOUTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON .

- Akwaya -Eyumodjock -Mamfe -Upper Bayang -Buea -Muyuka -Limbe -Bangem -Nguti -Tombel -Alou -Fontem -Wabane -konye -Kumba -Mbonge -Bamusso -Dikome Balue -Ekondo T**i -Idabato -Isanguelle
-Kombo Abedimo -Kombo Itindi -Toko -Mundemba

06/06/2024

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT "Cameroon" Top 32| Touristic Destination" ( Things to do and places to visit) Cameroon Africa in miniature.

Video Credits: Think Tours
Contact them for your next tour visit in Cameroon.

05/05/2024

ORIGIN OF NSO DYNASTY - HISTORY- CULTURE AND TRADITION - FOUNDERS OF BAMOUN WEST REGION OF CAMEROON NCHAHRI FOUNDER OF BAFIA CENTER REGION FONMBAM. FOUNDER OF NSO NORTH WEST REGION ÑGONNSÓ.

The Nso dynasty is an offshoot of the Tikar dynasty. The Tikar dynasty was founded around 1299 by Princess Wou-Ten (a Princess of Nganha whose real name may have been Betaka) at Rifem or Kimi (present day Bankim in the North East of Cameroon's Western Province). When Tinki the Tikar Fon died in 1387 a bloody battle for his succession ensued. The rightful heir to the throne Nchare Yen was passed over for his half brother Mveing(1387–1413).

Because of Mveing's sanguinary attitude towards perceived rivals, Nchare Yen (1394-1418, founder of the Bamoun Dynasty in Foumban) and his brother from the same mother Mbe (Mfombam – founder of the Njitam Dynasty in Bafia, after whom Nchare Yen named Foumban) decided to leave with their followers. When Nchare Yen and Mbe (Mfombam) decided to leave, their elder sister (from the same mother) Ngonnso wanted to leave with them but they refused because she was already married. Nchare Yen and Mbe, left without Ngonnso. When the brothers realized Ngonnso and her supporters were following them, they cut the bridge over the Mape River (a tributary of the Mbam river) after crossing. Ngonnso and her followers unable to cross the Mape, decided to move west along the banks of the Mape and founded the Nso dynasty. The name NSO is believed to have been derived from her name "Ngon – Nso" (Nso Lady or Yennso – mother of the Nso people as she preferred to call herself).

The relationship between North westerners and South Westerners originate dated back within colonial era and partition of Africa. When you visit Kribi you see the Batangas who are linked up with the people of Limbe digging into them you will see quite some very interesting similarities immediate courses of this movement is as a result of search for greener pasture and fertile land for settlement and cultivation. They is no difference between NW and the West Region in culture . The SW people are equally the Sawa ( Littoral) . Bafia Nso' and Bamoun have very much similarities seen in their ways of life especially the practice of Islam ( Tikar culture ). The coronation of the Fon of Ngam people in Bafia Charles Booto à Ngon was done by the Paramount Fon of Nso . In his final statement he said Nso' will have their cultural week between Nov and December.

Photo credit: DE Lavmfu.
Photo credit: woo Intertainment.

18/04/2024

REVISITING FREE TRADE IN THE BIMBIA DURING THE ORE COLONIAL ERA FROM AN ORAL PERSPECTIVE.

In early January 2023, a team of the Nkafu Policy Institute visited Bimbia and met Chief Samuel Epupa Ekum, chief of Dikolo in Bimbia. From the discussion, it emerges that the slave trade, even though it was illicit, was free. This history of free trade in Bimbia in the precolonial era may inspire the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), one of the 13 flagship projects of Agenda 2063, as it presents how to trade in precolonial Africa was conducted freely with no or fewer barriers. After the signature of the Duala-German treaty signed in 1884, Bimbia was annexed by the Germans and incorporated into the protectorate of Kamerun. It lies in the Southwest Region, to the south of Mount Cameroon and the west of the Wouri estuary.

The predominant Isubu oral history holds that the ethnic group hails from Mboko, the area situated in the southwest of Mount Cameroon. Today, Bimbia is a small locality in Limbe 3 Subdivision in the Fako Division of the Southwest Region, Cameroon. Bimbia consists of three villages namely: Dikolo, Bona Ngombe, and Bona Bille. Bimbia was the first place where Europeans, Jamaican, and English Baptist missionaries led by Rev. Alfred Saker set foot on the Cameroon shores in 1858, from Fernando Po (Bioko). Bimbia was famous in the pre-colonial era as a trading hub; especially as far as the slave trade was concerned. According to Chief Samuel Epupa Ekum, Bimbia was an independent state of the Isubu people of Cameroon.

Because of the geo-strategic location of Bimbia, the locality became an important center; it was a trading hotspot in the precolonial period. Trade during that period was reciprocal traffic, exchange, or movement of materials or goods through peaceful human agency. Trade was free. Initially, trade and exchange facilitated the direct or indirect transfer of ownership of goods or services from one individual, group, or community to another in exchange for other commodities, known as barter and no barriers were hampering it. It was not a surprise, that this trade was rarely seen traditionally not as a form of trade.

The first Europeans who arrived in the 1400s on the coast of West Africa, Bimbia inclusive, were in search of goods. During the pre-colonial period, the trading commodities were slaves and later goods. The Bimbia used to catch some non-natives and sell them as slaves to the Spanish ships that came to Bimbia but never landed because they were afraid of the natives whom they termed “savages”. The slave trade became lucrative, the Bimbians went into the hinterlands and picked up non-indigenous people, which they brought to Bimbia and sold to the interdiameries who sold them to Europeans staying in Bioko (Fernando Po), Equatorial Guinea. From Bioko, the slaves were transported to the Americas to work on the plantations. These human beings (slaves) were exchanged for mirrors, ceramics, to***co, hurricane lamps, pieces of cloth, etc.

By the 16th century, the Isubu was second only to the Duala in trade. The principal trading partners were the Portuguese, Spaniards, Greeks, Germans, French, and English who came for raw materials like gold, iron, copper, and other minerals. These goods were bartered for pieces of cloth, ceramics, hurricane lamps, to***co, mirrors, etc. Unlike contemporary, the precolonial trade in Bimbia had no barriers. It was free trade. The earliest Isubu merchants were likely tribal chiefs or headmen. Bimbia, the primary Isubu settlement, grew quickly. According to Chief Samuel Epupa Ekum of Dikolo, Bimbia, European traders cooperated with friendly chiefs against their contenders, flattering them with titles such as “King, Prince, or Chief”. In exchange, these indigents offered trade monopolies to their patrons and sometimes ceded land. An Isubu chief named Bile became the leader of the Isubu as King William, although Dick Merchant of Dikolo village and other chiefs eventually opposed his dominance.

Isubu society was changed fundamentally by European free trade. European goods became status symbols, and some rulers appointed Western traders and missionaries as advisors. The Chief further emphasized that as a result of the free trade, a greater number of Isubu people became wealthy, leading to rising class tensions. For example, his great-grandfather was one of such rich people who benefited from the trade. Competition intensified between coastal groups and even between related settlements. He further mentioned that between 1855 and 1879, the Isubu alone engaged in at least four conflicts, both internal and with rival ethnic groups. Traders exploited this atmosphere and beginning in 1860, German, French, and Spanish merchants established contacts and weakened the British monopoly.

Apart from the intercontinental (Europeans) trade with the Bimbians, there was also regional trade where the people of Bimbia traded with the Nigerians, Ghanaian, and Beninese traders from West Africa. Just like the trade with the Europeans, the trade was bartered and free with no barriers. While trade and embedded exchange were often disorganized, they too could be organized and institutionalized with permanent or shifting distribution and redistribution centers such as markets. The itinerary, which involved traders moving from area to area to trade, was also a well-developed system of trading and exchange by different groups in parts of Africa.

When compared to purely commercial trade, barter was much broader and included the reciprocal exchange of goods through mechanisms such as gifts, tribute payments, piracy, brigandage, and even marriage alliances. As with trade, barter also involved direct or indirect contact, migration, political conquest, and much more. Barter, a free trade system that saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services without the use of a medium of exchange such as currency, was the earliest form of trade and exchange.

References: By Francis Tazoacha & Dr Delmas Tsafack
NKAFU POLICY INSTITUTE.

18/04/2024

VISIT CAMEROON, DISCOVER CAMEROON
THE DIFFERENT BRIDGES OF CAMEROON 🇨🇲

Here are some bridges of different types and structures.

16/04/2024

VERNYUY TINA. JAZZ, POP, FOLKLORE, COUNTRY, RAP AND SOUL . FROM BUI DIVISION OF THE NORTH WEST REGION OF CAMEROON

Vernyuy Tina, otherwise known in the industry as Música, T**i wóm or President of her self-owned TINATION (lovers of her art), is a young and appreciated Cameroonian female emcee and vocalist. Tina is a rapper, singer/songwriter, model, and, above all, an ENTERTAINER whose presence in the music scene has on her a vintage spot in the hearts of music fans in and around the country. She was born on April 17, 1996, to Hon Akonteh Andrew and Banboye Wongibe Evelyne.

She characterizes her music as Afro-Njang, a Nso-Grassfield beat that combines traditional instrumentals with various genres (jazz, pop, folklore, country, rap, soul). She hails from Kumbo, Bui Division of the Northwest Region. Tina had her early schooling at Saints Peter & Paul Primary and subsequently joined Saint Augustine’s College Nso and PSS Mankon-Bamenda for her Secondary schooling, where she studied Geology adding up to STU & Mining at the University of Yaounde and Bamenda, Cameroon, respectively which earned her a BSC in Geo-Mining Science.

Her love and passion for singing and poetry can be dated back to her elementary school days, when she participated in various school choirs, garnering her considerable acclaim in front of dignitaries and leading to her being named finest vocalist of her time at the age of 17. She officially made her debut as a recording artist at the age of 18, with her first-ever studio record, ‘’Stony Road’’, which was released in 2014. Her collaboration with Cameroon’s renowned male singer, Tzy Panchak in the songs “Na So” and “Who Be Actor” piqued her to fame. She has ever since garnered significant national and international exposure with several hits including “Música’’, ‘’Jei,’’ ‘’Yùtí,” ‘’Weh Weh,’’ ‘’La B.A.D,’’ as well as her most recent, “Silver’’ released on April 17th, 2021.

♪ 🇫🇷🗞️ Today She is celebrated across the globe and she is Honored to have been featured in the official magazine for one of our most prestigious fashion shows in Africa - ANNUAL SHOW… aimed at bringing together exceptional Fashion and Music Icons who embody the diversity that characterises Africa 🌍.

Pictures credit: Vernyuy Tina

07/04/2024

MDAWARA TEA ESTATE
The Ndawara Tea Estate is the largest in Cameroon with currently around 5000ha of cultivated plantation and is set high in traditional Fulani land A guide will show you around the estate, including the factory, vast tea fields and nursery.

After the tour of the estate, you can hire ponies which will take you on a trip to a nearby crater lake. Depending on the amount of time you have to spend in the region, you could also choose to spend a night with a nearby Fulani family. Alternatively, you could stay with a Kom family closer to Belo.

The tea fields are amazing – rolling hills covered with tea plants. They are a beautiful sight, and bring a sense of nostalgia, conjuring memories of old computer desktop backgrounds. When we arrived, we went to the factory where they process the tea and they gave us a free tour. Unfortunately, we weren’t allowed to take photos inside of the factory.

You’ll see the process of drying the leaves, reducing moisture content, fermenting the leaves so they get black tea instead of green tea. The factory is big, bigger than expected to find in Cameroon with machines, big machines working on electricity. The last thing you expected to find tucked into the rolling hills of Northwest Cameroon was a giant manufacturing plant, yet there it is.

The coolest part of the factory tour is seeing that they make everything from start to finish – including making the cardboard boxes and giant plastic sacks that they ship tea in. The machines to put the tea into tea bags and label them were mesmerizing. They are a beautiful display of efficiency

ALL ABOUT THE MDAWARA TEA ESTATE.

Far in the hinterland of the western highlands, up in the hills and mountains of Boyo division, is found the most prestigious site in the land of the North West region. The people are endowed with rich soils which favors the growth of tea, thus encouraging agro-tourism.

Up here with the cold weather, you can find a great number of cattle with lots of animals in their cages roaming around and enjoying the beauty of nature. Enjoy the facilities this site offers by participating in the weekend horse riding activities, the scooter tour and sleep in the finest lodging facilities in the region.

Take time, and follow World-wide Expedition Heritage Tour Company Ltd. To discover your wildest dream And discover Ndawara Tea Estate and Ranch with the fabulous castle of the El Hadj Baba Ahmadou Dan Pullo with Ostriches, camels and many other animals. An additional night will give you the pleasure of discovering the Mbi Crater endowed with fauna, flora, waterfalls, etc

01/04/2024

REDISCOVER... BONA'ANJA WATER MUSEUM SIGA-BONJO

I. THE MUSEUM OF WATER

1. Localization

The Bona'Anja Siga-Bonjo Water Museum (opened in 2019) is located in Bonanja Siga Bonjo Chieftaincy in Nkam in Yabassi in Wouri-Bwele County. It is located in the town of Bona’Anja Siga Bonjo, a few kilometers from the city of Douala in Cameroon, precisely on the right bank of the river Wouri, in the canton of Wouri-Bwele. From Douala, the economic capital of Cameroon, two routes are possible to get to the Museum:
- By road: Bonabéri-Békoko-Souza-Junction Kaké - Miang - Mangamba - Bona'Anja - Siga Bonjo (about 50 km)
- Riverway: Bonamouang (North Akwa) - Bonjo (20 km)

2. Objectives of museum

The Water Museum, referred to as the Environment, Art and Social Universe among the Sawa people, is an original concept that uses the museum's resources to show the different facets of this inexhaustible food. Water is a source of life, a symbol of fertility, fertility and spirituality. This ambitious concept, whose spatial translation is perceptible through a scientific, interactive, playful and pedagogical museographic course, was born out of its promoter's desire to highlight:
- The memory of the material and intangible culture of the riverside cantons of the Wouri basin or its tributaries. II are Malimba, Bell, Akwa, Deido, Bele-Bele, Bassa-Wouri, Bakoko-Wouri, Bukoko-Dibombari, Pongo, Wouri-Bwele, Wouri-Bossoua, Bodiman, Yabassi, Dibeng-Ndokbele, Abo north, Abo south, etc.
- The memory of the material and intangible culture of the peoples of the great coast of Cameroon;
- The bond created by water between communities and the building of the Cameroonian nation.

Indeed, the river Wouri/Nkam originates from the department of Menoua located in the hinterland. So it forms a link between coastal peoples and those of the rest of the country and even beyond.

The Museum of Water has the objectives of:
- Reveal to the public, through a museum, scientific, playful, interactive and pedagogical course, the role that water plays over the centuries.
- Also present the cultural foundations of water communities and singularly the Sawa of the Cameroonian coast.
- Highlighting the history and experience of the coastal principals and communities, including the interactions between coastal tribes, those of the hinterland and the western element which already constituted, from the 15th century, a platform for the dialogue of cultures to live together.

The Water Museum is positioned both as an art museum (plastic/music/dance sawa), a museum of human sciences history/ethnology/anthropology), but also a centre for interpretation of Cameroon’s history (photos and historical documents), a significant part of which is built on the banks of the Wouri.

3. Collections from the Museum

The water museum collections value a triple thematic: Environment (E), Arts (A) and Social Universe (U) among the Sawa. They present, among other things, genealogies, systems of kinship, traditional power, social organization, cosmogy, etc.

The museum is devoted to the Sawa culture, through the prism of water, and shows its importance in the life and culture of the Sawa people: rituals and traditions, but also cuisine, beauty, and social life. Thus, you can find attributes of power in the sawa (stools, royal thrones, traditional outfits, traditional masks), objects of everyday life, but also canoe bows (tangé).

4. Architecture of the museum

The architecture of the water museum draws its source from the unique physiomy of the aquatic environment. His writing is based on strong symbols of cosmogy and sawa cosmology: the museum looks like a house placed in a canoe mounted on pilots. On the facades sprinkled with totemic and aquatic symbols, blue and white, colors of the sea, dominate. Pilots, who support the vessel, are visible in the dry season and invisible in the rainy season due to rising waters. So the water museum, like a canoe hanging on the Wouri, appears in all its majesty. The rural setting and the proximity of the Wouri River offer the advantage of a mild climate and the surrounding vegetation, giving greenery, exceptional beauty and an offer of tranquility and tranquility. The water museum is part of its immediate environment and is a carrier of urban development in Siga-Bonjo.

II. VILLAGE BONA'ANJA SIGA-BONJO

Siga Bonjo, administrative headquarters of the Bona'Anja chieftaincy is an ancestral fief operated from the 18th century by the sons of Bona'Anza and subsequently populated, under the impulse of chief Bossambé Epellé. Located on the right bank of the river Wouri, opposite the island of Wouri (which partially houses the villages Bonjo, Bonépéa, Mutimbélembé and Munjamussadi), Siga Bonjo is bordered to the north and west of Mangamba (Abo Nord canton) from which it is separated by the administrative boundary between the districts of Yabassi (Nkam) and de Fiko (Moungo). To the East, it is bordered by a stream and bordered the village of Boneko in the South. Long disadvantaged by its enclave, Siga Bonjo is now a booming locality, in favour of the opening and construction by the state in 2011 of the Mangamba-Bonjo road.

Bona’ Anja Siga Bonjo is a traditional 3rd degree chieftaincy, located a few kilometers from the city of Douala, in the town of Siga-Bonjo, on the right bank of the river Wouri. It is administratively in Wouri-Bwelé Canton, Yabassi District, Nkam Department, Coastal Region, Cameroon.

III. THE WOURI CANTON - BWELE

Wouri Bwele Canton is bordered to the South by Doula 5th Arrondissement (Bonangando Akwa Village and Ngombé Bassa Canton), to the North by Wouri Bosoua Canton, to the West by Abo North and Abo South Canton, to Dibombari Bakoko Canton, to The East by Dibeng-Ndokbelé, in the South-East and beyond Dibamaba by the Canton of Bakoko du Wouri (3rd Arrondissement of Douala).

Le canton Wouri Bwele account 17 villages : Bona'Anja, Bonamengue,Bonelo,Bonépéa, Bonindi, Bonjo,Bwene, Malamboa, Moundja-Moussadi, Moutimbelembe, Ndokbaken, Nono, Massoumbou, Tonde Carrefour, Nkolmbong, Qiwom, Tonde villa (New-Bwele).

The Sacred Places:
- The Sanctuary of the Effa Bossamba. This shrine is named after Chief Bossambe Epelle of Bona’Andja Bonjo in the Bonabwaka family. Effa Bossamba is the seat of the Miengu, iconic site, theater of myths and mysterious legends, witness to great ritual ceremonies. This is the deepest place in the Wouri (15 m).
- The Sacred Baobab of Bonabwaka – Bon’Anja (Bonjo).
- The Mausoleum of the Superior Chief Edjenguele Belle.

Wouri Bwelé township is named after Bwelé, the first son of Ewodi Mudibé Mbedi Mbongo. The term Wouri/Wuri originates from Ewodi's phonetic alteration by corruption of the D and R in archaic douala (like Bonabedi transformed into Bonabéri, Dibombadi into Dibombari, Moukoudi into Moukouri, etc.) ) and by election of E. Which gave the transcription of the term Wori by English, Wuri by German and Wouri by French.

Sources :
- Siga Bonjo Water Museum
- Joseph Tsama E
- https://museedeleau.org/presentation/
- https://ewodi-wouri-bwele.org/blog/project/le-canton-wouri-bwele

11/02/2024

Lake Barombi Kotto, Kumba, Southwest, Cameroon ❤🇨🇲📷

[📷 World-wide Expedition Heritage Tour Company Ltd. ]

06/02/2024

🌍 Discover the latest tourism trends! 📊 According to the barometer, Serbia shines as one of the top-performing destinations in terms of receipts, captivating travelers with its rich culture and hospitality. 🇷🇸
UNTO REPORT 👇👇👇👇👇👇

04/02/2024

04/02/2024

📍 This is a river separating Cameroon and Nigeria in the Donga Mantum Division.

Nkambe
Cameroon, Africa in

29/01/2024

Nature and it's beautiful Elephants.☺️💓
❤❤❤❤❤❤
💜💜💜💛💛💛

29/01/2024

📍 Bafoussam, Cameroon🇨🇲

29/01/2024

📍 Bamenda, Cameroon🇨🇲

17/11/2022

HISTORICAL MOMENT FOR THE PEOPLE OF NSO INDIGENTS.

the Paramount Fon of Nso, HRH, Sehm Mbinglo II, Difficult moment for the Fon and team as they go through Nso heritage held at the Linden-Museum Stuttgart
The reconnection process has begun and they hope for the right decision.

Pictures Credit : Back Ŋgonnsó.

14/11/2022

First encounter the Paramount Fon of Nso, HRH, Sehm Mbinglo II, had with Ngonnso. Despite having ruled his people since 1993 till date.

HRH Sehm Mbinglo II, who is the custodian and traditional leader (FON) on behalf of the Nso people met with Ngonnso for the first time and will during his visit lead an entourage through the various German museums and hold pertinent conversations in the context of restitution of other Nso royal objects.
SPEAKING IN LAMNSO.

12/11/2022

The Paramount Fon of Nso arrives Germany to facilitate the return of the stolen artifact ‘Ngonnso’

HRH Sehm Mbinglo II, is embarking on the trip today to hold talks with German authorities to facilitate the return of Ngonso, a traditional statue of our Fondom stolen during the colonial Era

12/10/2022

A copper alloy piece by an Edo artist from Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria stands in the gallery the Benin Bronzes repatriation ceremony and reception at the National Museum of African Art on October 11, 2022 in Washington.
The items are part of thousands of artworks known as the Benin Bronzes stolen from the Benin Kingdom in 1897Image caption: The items are part of thousands of artworks known as the Benin Bronzes stolen from the Benin Kingdom in 1897
The United States has returned 23 looted artefacts to Nigeria.

The Benin Bronzes were handed over to a Nigerian delegation at a ceremony on Tuesday in Washington.

Nigeria’s Minister of Information and Culture Lai Mohammed, who received the artefacts, hailed the US and its institutions for the repatriation of the "highly-cherished" cultural artworks.

"These artefacts are intrinsic to the culture that produced them. A people ought not be denied the works of their forebears. It is in the light of this that we are delighted with today's repatriation," he said.

The information ministry said the returned artefacts "comprise 21 from the Smithsonian and one each from the National Gallery of Arts and the Rhode Island School of Design".

The repatriation is part of a bilateral cultural property agreement to prevent illegal imports into the US of some categories of Nigerian artefacts.

Lonnie G. Bunch III, the secretary of the Smithsonian, said the institution was "humbled and honoured to play a small role in transferring ownership of the art works to Nigeria”, based on ethical consideration.

The items were among thousands of artworks known as the Benin Bronzes stolen from the Benin Kingdom in present-day Nigeria by British colonialists in 1897.

The items were then distributed to various museums and institutions across Europe and the US.

Nigeria is set to receive more such artefacts from The Netherlands, the UK and Germany.

The West African country says it will soon launch an international traveling exhibition with the artefacts ''in a manner that will win more friends and promote greater goodwill for Nigeria and the ethnic groups that produced.

16/09/2022

DISCOVER THE BEAUTIFUL LANDSCAPES AND VALLEYS OF CAMEROON
Cameroon has many plains landscapes across the territory, the most famous are:

1.) The Mbo plain in the Moungo
2.) Ndop Plain, Mamfe cvette
3.) Noun plain (also called the Noun valley)
4.) Tikar plain in the Noun
5.) The Koutine plain in the Adamoua region
6.) The flood plains of Benoué,
7.) Faro
8.) Yayrès and Waza-Logone
9.) The Waza plain (Waza park)
10.) The Diamaré plain
11.) The Serawa plain east of Mandara
12.) the Gawar plain near the Kapsiki plateau
13.) the valley and from Koza
14.) The plain Maga flood
15.) Mbam plains, Adamaoua plains,... etc.

These fabulous landscapes offer the opportunity to practice cynical tourism, hiking, swimming, river fishing, etc.
This post follows other posts that featured mountain, rocks and cave landscapes, as well as beaches. This diversity of Cameroonian landscape offers huge tourist opportunities that only need to be exploited wisely.

16/09/2022

AFRICA IS OUR HERITAGE.
We Africans don’t know who we are!
Please keep sharing...

Credit to: Dimmykiss

08/09/2022

What have all countries learnt in the last couple of years❓

⚠Tourism matters.

It is a pillar of sustainable development.

As destinations around the globe gradually recover, let's and grow better.

Start by joining https://www.unwto.org/world-tourism-day-2022

02/09/2022

DISCOVER THE ECOTOURISM WEALTH AND THE MEDICINAL VIRTUES OF CAMEROON

The forest is an important resource for Cameroon both for its commercial value and for its ecological and tourist importance and its many uses, including traditional medicine. Visit our page to discover more. Click on the link below :
https://www.facebook.com/1480740932199433/posts/pfbid033Rn41kJXF9aBXPXxgyTqQiBo3LFWg5sGhNZRNZyDXVShEJdBv8F7CMitrmAF8cDal/

02/07/2022

27/06/2022

British government is keeping a stolen statue worth millions of dollars in their custody (police Headquarter) as a dispute rages between a Belgian antique dealer and a Nigerian museum over its ownership.

The artifact is coming from Ife, a Yoruba kingdom in what is today south-western Nigeria it's about 700 years ago.

In the 1980s and '90s Nigeria's museums suffered many damaging robberies. This is story is not particular to Nigeria as many African countries have had their treasures stolen and are today in western museums with no accountabilities

The question many are asking is: should the antique dealer not be treated by the police as an accessory to the theft of these African treasures?

27/06/2022

BREAKING!!
COMING HOME SOON
After almost 120 years of being away, Our Ngonnso Statue is finally set to be restituted back home, the Nso land

The statue has been in Germany for over a century.

The Nso people in Cameroon's North West Region hold this precious artifact in very high esteem, as it is that of the founder of the Nso dynasty.

The statue was taken away from the Nso people during the German colonial rule in Cameroon, and had been on display at a German museum ever since.

25/06/2022

DISCOVER THE ECOTOURISM WEALTH AND THE MEDICINAL VIRTUES OF CAMEROON

The forest is an important resource for Cameroon both for its commercial value and for its ecological and tourist importance and its many uses, including traditional medicine.
Forests are a vital natural resource – whether it's providing locals with food and livelihoods or providing Cameroon with fresh air and timber.
This presentation focuses on a few large trees that have multiple values; emphasis will be placed on their medicinal uses. It is not a scientific article and not a census of all the useful trees in Cameroon, but a pedagogy of discovery of the richness of trees and more broadly of the forest in Cameroon.

1. AFRORMOSIA (PERICOPSIS ELATA)
In traditional medicine, scarifications are rubbed with bark paste, the latter having an analgesic effect. Stilbenes, phenolic compounds that play a role in the coloring of wood, also give this plant species antioxidant, antifungal and also antibiotic properties.

2. AMVUT (TRICHOSCYPHA ACUMINATA)
The bark, and also that of other closely related species, is used as a remedy for constipation in infants. A bark decoction is given to women to treat infertility and dysmenorrhea, and haemorrhage during pregnancy. A decoction of the bark is used to wash away smallpox pustules and to bathe rheumatism. A decoction is also used in steam baths and in frictions for bronchial complaints, headaches, stiff fever, pains in the sides or stomach, as an anthelmintic and an aphrodisiac. The bark is used as an analgesic, vermifuge, laxative, ge***al stimulant, antidepressant, anti-abortion, against menstrual disorders or for menstrual cycles, pregnancy, as a medicine for arthritis, rheumatism, etc. against smallpox, chickenpox, measles, lung disorders. The bark of this species, and that of other Trichoscypha spp. having close affinities, is used as a remedy for constipation in infants.
A bark-decoction is used to wash small-pox pustules and to bathe rheumatics. It is given to women to treat sterility and dysmenorrhoea, and for haemorrhage during pregnancy. A decoction is also used in steam baths and in frictions of the lees for bronchial affections, headache, feverish stiffness, pains in the sides or stomach, as a vermifuge and an aphrodisiac. A trace of saponin is reported present in the bark, and tannin in the bark and roots.

3. ANGONGUI (ANTROCARYON KLAINEANUM)
The fruit pulp is edible and tastes like sour pear; although it is reputed to be refreshing, it is only consumed on an exceptional basis. The oilseeds are also edible but difficult to remove from the kernel which is hard. In Cameroon the bark is used in traditional medicine to treat wounds, Chlamydiae and female sterility. The roots treat abdominal and liver ailments.
The flesh of the fruit is edible with a taste like sour pears; although it is reportedly refreshing, it is not commonly consumed. The oily seeds are edible, but difficult to collect from the hard stone. In Cameroon the bark is used in traditional medicine to treat wounds, chlamydiae and female sterility. Roots are used to treat abdominal and liver complaints.

4. ASSAM (UAPACA GUINEENSIS MUELL. ARG.)
The bark and roots have medicinal properties. The bark is used in e***a, as an emetic, in lotion with salt, against skin complaints, or as a dye for fishing nets (Walker and Sillans, 1995).

5. AZOBE (LOPHIRA ALATA)
In traditional medicine the bark is applied locally in case of kidney ailments. A bark decoction is taken or applied as an e***a against menstrual pain, onset of hernia or stomach problems. It is also taken for kidney pain and toothache.
The bark is said to have analgesic and sedative properties and is prescribed to treat convulsions, epilepsy, eye problems and yaws. The bark is applied to snakebites in Cameroon to heal wounds. The leaves are also used as a wash for women giving birth, as a lotion in case of respiratory diseases and dysentery, and they are used in the preparation of preparations administered in the treatment of yellow fever and insomnia. The twigs act as toothbrushes.
In traditional medicine, the bark is applied topically to treat kidney problems. In Cameroon, bark decoctions are taken or applied as e***a against menstrual problems, beginning hernia and stomach problems. They are also taken against kidney pain and toothache. The leaves are also used as a wash for women during childbirth, as a lotion against respiratory diseases and dysentery, whereas they are also added to preparations which are administered for the treatment of yellow fever and sleeplessness. Twigs are used as toothbrush. The seed contains about 40% oil, which is sometimes used for cooking, e.g. by the Baka Pygmy people in Cameroon, and also as ointment and to make soap. In traditional medicine, it is probably used for similar purposes as ‘meni oil’ extracted from the seeds of Lophira lanceolata Tiegh. ex Keay.

6. BAOBAB (ADANSONIA DIGITATA)
Its roots have medicinal properties; they are fortifying and treat malaria as well as the bark. The leaves have diuretic, diaphoretic, tonic properties and treat diarrhoea, dysentery and ophthalmia among others. The pulp has healing properties; it is used against infantile diarrhoea, tuberculosis, dysentery, smallpox, measles. The fiber of the fruit (in decoction) is also emmenagogue and anti-diarrheal etc. The smoked pulp is a fly repellent. In decoction of dry pulp, it is an antidiarrheal and a febrifuge. The pulp helps fight malaria. The leaves are likely to have some favorable therapeutic actions because of the elements that go into their composition (Noumi, 1984). Fresh leaves are an excellent source of vitamin C and calcium (Noumi, 1984). Baobab oil protects the skin from stretch marks; it reduces burns and accelerates the healing of wounds. The baobab fruit powder allows a general fitness in cure or during a period of convalescence. It acts on intestinal transit disorders.

All plant parts are used for treating fever. The bark gum is used for cleaning sores. Stem bark and fibers lining the fruit husk are used to treat amenorrhea. The bark, fruit pulp and seeds are used as an antidote for Strophanthus poisoning. Dried powdered roots are included in the treatment of malaria. Leaves are used as a diaphoretic, expectorant, astringent and as a fever prophylactic. Leaves are found in a long list of treatments for ailments including asthma, fatigue, kidney and bladder diseases, diarrhoea and inflammations. Fruit pulp is used as an antidysenteric and in the treatment of smallpox and measles. The seed oil is used for inflamed gums and to ease toothache.

7. BEAST (MANSONIA ALTISSIMA)
The bark extract is taken as a drink, or the root infusion as an e***a for their aphrodisiac properties. A root decoction is taken as an e***a against leprosy. A twig bark decoction is used as a bath against yaws, scabies and syphilis.

8. BIDOU (SACOGLOTTIS GABONENSIS)
Infusions of the stem bark of Sacoglottis gabonensis are widely taken to treat fever, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea and abdominal pain, and they are sometimes used to treat hypertension and diabetes. In the coastal regions of Cameroon, the Kola pygmies and the Mvaes use a decoction of the crushed bark mixed with the leaves of Dioscorea minutiflora Engl. as a re**al e***a to treat acute abdominal pain. A decoction of the stem bark is also used to treat stubborn dermatitis. The decoction is also used to spice up food to induce heat in breastfeeding or pregnant women.

9. BILINGA (NAUCLEA DIDERRICHII)
Nauclea diderrichii is widely used in local traditional medicine. The roots are said to have diuretic properties and treat anaemia. The bark is used to treat measles (Ndoye et al., 1998). A bark infusion is drunk against fever or the leaf pulp is rubbed with to treat fever, stomach problems, gonorrhoea and menstruation problems, while a bark infusion is taken as an anthelmintic.

Nauclea diderrichii is widely used in local traditional medicine. The roots are credited with diuretic properties and used for the treatment of anemia. A bark infusion is drunk against fever, stomach problems, gonorrhoea and menstruation problems, while a bark infusion is taken as a vermifuge. In various countries leaf infusions, leaf decoctions and the leaf pulp are drunk or used in washings, baths or embrocations to treat fever.

10. BUBINGA OR ESSINGANG (GUIBOURTIA DEMEUSEI)
In traditional medicine, a bark decoction is prescribed against gonorrhoea and hypertension, and to prevent abortion. It is also taken as an anthelmintic and applied as a cleanser to wounds. In the markets of Yaoundé (Cameroon), the bark of the stem is sold to treat many ailments: convulsions, diarrhoea, lumbago, hernia, malaria, anemia and female sterility. A survey carried out among the villagers affirms that the use of the bark, leaves or fruits also made it possible to fight against typhoid fever, hemorrhoids, cancer, sexually transmitted diseases and hepatitis. In southern Cameroon a bark extract is used as a pesticide, often mixed with other plant species, to control cocoa pod rot caused by fungi. The bark is highly sought after and the base of standing trees is often barked.

11. DABENA (PIPTADENIASTRUM AFRICANUM)
Piptadeniastrum africanum is widely used in traditional medicine, mainly the bark, sometimes also the roots and leaves. Bark decoctions are taken internally against cough, bronchitis, headache, mental disorders, haemorrhoids, uroge***al infections, gastric pain, dysmenorrhoea and male impotence, and as an antidote; applied externally they are used to treat fever, toothache, pneumonia, oedema, skin complaints and rheumatism, to expel worms, to drive away fleas, and as a purgative and abortifacient. A bark decoction is also used in a complex treatment for leprosy. The bark is used for arrow poison, ordeal poison and fish poison; added with rice, it serves as rat poison. It also serves as a soap substitute. The Pygmies of Cameroon use both the bark of the root and the stem to make arrow poison. Root extracts or macerations are used in cases of psychic disorders, as an abortifacient and as an aphrodisiac. Pounded leaves and leaf decoctions are taken as an e***a to treat gonorrhoea and abdominal pain. The leaves serve as rat poison.

Piptadeniastrum africanum is commonly used in traditional medicine, mostly the bark, sometimes also roots and leaves. Bark decoctions are used internally to treat cough, bronchitis, headache, mental disorders, haemorrhoids, genito-urinary infections, stomach-ache, dysmenorrhoea and male impotence, and as an antidote; externally, they are applied to treat fever, toothache, pneumonia, oedema, skin complaints and rheumatism, to expel worms, to dispel fleas, and as a purgative and abortifacient. A decoction of the bark also enters in a complex treatment of leprosy. The bark is used in arrow poison, and as ordeal poison and fish poison; mixed with rice it is used to poison mice. It is also used as a soap substitute. Pygmy people in Camer66oon use both root bark and stem bark as an ingredient of arrow poison. Root extracts or macerations are applied against mental disorders, and as an abortifacient and aphrodisiac. Pounded leaves and leaf decoctions are applied as an e***a to treat gonorrhoea and abdominal complaints. Leaves are used to poison mice.

12. CELTIS OF AFRICA (CELTIS MILDBRAESI)
The bark has analgesic properties. A bark decoction is used as a bath to strengthen very weak infants. It is also taken with the fruits of Solanum anguivi Lam to cure venereal diseases. Root ash mixed with palm oil is applied to scarifications in the treatment of headache. A root or leaf tea is drunk against intercostal pain. The maceration of leafy twigs is used as a bath or lotion against headaches and as an anthelmintic. The flowers are also used in making a prescribed massage against hernia.
The bark has analgesic properties. In Cameroon bark decoctions are used as a wash to invigorate seriously weakened babies. They are also taken together with Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits to treat venereal diseases. In Congo bark decoctions enter into a medicine taken orally or as e***a against menstrual problems. A tea of ​​the root or leaves is drunk against intercostal pain. A maceration of leafy twigs is applied as a bath or lotion to treat headache and as vermifuge. Flowers also enter into a rub against hernia.

13. EBIARA EDEA (BERLINIA BRACTEOSA)
In traditional medicine bark decoctions are used as a purgative and to treat edema, jaundice, toothache and caries. In Cameroon they are given as an e***a to treat diarrhea and vomiting in children. Berlinia bracteosa is sometimes planted as an ornamental shade tree in villages.
14. EBONY (DIOSPYROS CRASSIFLORA)
In traditional medicine bark decoctions are taken as a drink to treat ovarian problems, and bark powder is applied to wounds and lesions. Leaf sap is dropped into the eye against eye inflammation.

15. EMIEN, EKOUK (ALSTONIA BOONEI)
The bark of the bole is important in traditional medicine. Bark decoctions are widely used to treat malaria, typhoid fever, gonorrhoea, yaws, asthma and dysentery; it is also applied to wounds, ulcers, snakebites, rheumatic pains and toothaches, and as a galactagogue. A bark maceration is taken to cure jaundice, cough and sore throat, and is used externally to treat skin diseases. The bark is also used as an anthelmintic. The latex is applied to snakebites, skin diseases and swellings caused by filariasis, and in concoction to cure fever. The leaves are used in direct application to reduce edema and heal wounds.

The bark of the bole is important in traditional medicine. A bark decoction is widely used to treat malaria, typhoid fever, gonorrhoea, yaws, asthma and dysentery, and is also applied to sores, ulcers, snakebites, rheumatic pain and toothache, and as a galactagogue. A maceration of the bark is taken to treat jaundice, cough and sore throat, and is applied externally to treat skin complaints. The bark is also used as an anthelmintic. The latex is applied to snakebites, skin complaints and swellings caused by filaria infections, and in concoction to treat fever. The leaves are applied topically to reduce edema and to treat sores.

16. ESSESANG OR DJANSANG (RICINODENDRON HEUDELOTII)
Many parts of the tree are used as medicine. The bark of the roots and the trunk is used in decoction or in lotion to treat constipation, cough, dysentery, rheumatism, rickets in children, oedema, elephantiasis, mycosis, gonorrhoea, painful menstruation, and to prevent abortion, relieve the pains of pregnancy, cure female sterility, give vigor to premature newborns, and ripen abscesses, boils and buboes. The sap is instilled into the eye against heartworms and ophthalmia, and leaf decoctions are used as an antipyretic. The leaves are also used to treat dysentery, female infertility, edema and stomach-ache.

17. ESSOK (GARCINIA LUCIDA)
Garcinia lucida is widely used in Cameroon for its medicinal properties. The seeds and bark treat various gastrointestinal complaints such as diarrhoea, abdominal colic, bloating, indigestion. The seeds are also used against gynecological affections and sexually transmitted diseases. The seed of Garcinia lucida is an excellent dressing acting against gastric ulcers. The seed and bark are also administered or eaten fresh or dried to powder, for their anti-poison properties. The seed is recommended in the treatment of snakebites. The leaves of Garcinia lucida are used for their repellent properties against insects, in particular mosquitoes. They are also used to ward off evil spirits (Guedje, 2002). The fruits of Garcinia lucida are stimulants and are used as an anti-poison (Sunderland et al., 2000, Ndoye et al. 2000).
Many parts of the tree are used in medicine. Bark of the root and stem is used in decoctions or lotions to treat constipation, cough, dysentery, rheumatism, rickets in children, oedema, elephantiasis, fungal infection, blennorrhoea, painful menstruation, and to prevent miscarriage, relieve pain in pregnant women, cure infertility in women, give strength to premature babies, and to mature abscesses, furuncles and buboes. The sap is instilled into the eye against filaria and ophthalmia and leaf decoctions are used as febrifuge. Leaves are also used to treat dysentery, female sterility, edema and stomach pain. Fruits and latex are used to cure gonorrhoea and diarrhea.

18. EUCALYPTUS
On a medicinal level, eucalyptus has many virtues. Expectorant, antiseptic and astringent, this tree, from Australia, helps fight against inflammation of the respiratory and digestive tracts. Its leaves are a good remedy for colds, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis or flu. Eucalyptus also helps fight asthma and can be used to disinfect wounds.
Internal use
• Expectorant and thinner: eucalyptus is used to treat bronchitis, cough, pneumonia and, in general, all infections of the pulmonary tract.
• Antiseptic: it relieves people with fever and treats flu. Very good urinary tract disinfectant.
• Astringent and antispasmodic: stomachic action on inflammation of the mucous membranes of the digestive tract and intestine; very good remedy for atonic dyspepsia. Soothes sore throats.
• Treating hot flushes and palpitations, the koala tree is a good ally for women during menopause.
External use
In diffusion or fumigation, eucalyptus essential oil treats respiratory infections. Inhaled, it calms rhinitis and sinusitis, but also helps to fight against asthma. It is also possible to perform a massage of the solar plexus, to fight against cough. Eucalyptus still acts against rheumatism and migraines. The tincture can be used to disinfect wounds, skin ulcers or superficial burns.

19. EYEK (PACHYEPLASMA TESSMANNII)
In Cameroon the fruits of Pachyelasma tessmannii are used as an antidiarrheal and an abortifacient. For the latter use, an extract of the pounded fruits is administered as an e***a, or the macerated fruits are put in water and the patient takes a bath in the solution.

20. EYOUM (DIALIUM PACHYPHYLLUM)
Young leaves crushed with salt are taken to treat cough. A bark decoction is administered as an e***a against sterility. The gum rosin from the bark is considered poisonous; it is also applied to wounds to heal them.

21. FALSE NUTMEG (MONODORA MYRISTICA)
The seeds have medicinal properties. They are part of the products used in the treatment of fevers. They are also used to relieve constipation and migraines and are used to fight lice. Finally, these seeds are reputed to be "lucky"; this is what justifies their use in family blessing ceremonies (Vivien and Faure, 1995; Walker and Sillans, 1995).

22. FRAKE (TERMINALIA SUPERBA)
The bark contains a yellow dye which is traditionally used to dye the fibers used for making mats and basketry. It is also used to dye textiles black.
Bark decoctions and macerations are used in traditional medicine to treat sores, lesions, haemorrhoids, diarrhoea, dysentery, malaria, vomiting, gingivitis, bronchitis, mouth ulcers, edema and ailments ovaries, as an expectorant and analgesic. The leaves serve as a diuretic, the roots as a laxative.

23. CHEESE (CEIBA PENTANDRA)
Ceiba pentandra is a “sacred” tree. It is often planted along roads and avenues due to its shade. The parts of the plant used are: leaves, fruits, flowers, twigs, bark and wood. The leaves, flowers and fruits of the kapok tree have medicinal properties and help relieve painful conditions such as fever, abscess, whitlow, mental illness, conjunctivitis, dizziness, headache etc. (Arbonnier, 2000). Used in traditional medicine, the twigs and bark of Ceiba pentandra exert an emetic action in the patient. They are used in the treatment of diseases such as dysentery, rickets, tetanus etc. The bark is galactagogue, febrifuge and aphrodisiac. It can treat female sterility, cough, malaria, diarrhea, gastralgia, dental caries, gingivitis etc. Consumed with unripe plantain, the bark treats hemorrhoids and pain in two or three doses (Okafor and Ham, 1999). The bark provides a red dye.

24. ILOMBA (Pycnanthus angolensis)
Throughout its area of ​​distribution, various preparations of the bark and, to a lesser extent, of other parts of the tree, have a medicinal use; they are intended to treat dermatological infections, particularly those of the mouth. Bark preparations are used as a strong purgative, to purify the milk of nursing mothers and to treat cough and chest pain.

25. IROKO (MILICIA EXCELSA)
A decoction of the roots is used to treat female sterility. A decoction of the root and trunk bark is taken as an aphrodisiac. Bark preparations are taken to treat cough, asthma, heart complaints, lumbago, spleen pain, stomach-ache, abdominal pain, oedema, ascites, dysmenorrhea, gonorrhea, general fatigue, rheumatism, sprains, as well as a galactagogue, aphrodisiac, tonic and purgative. Bark preparations are applied externally to treat scabies, wounds, hair loss, fever, venereal diseases and sprains. They are administered as an e***a to treat haemorrhoids, diarrhea and dysentery. The latex is applied to burns, wounds, wounds, as well as against eczema and other skin conditions. It is also taken against stomach problems, hypertension and as a galactogen, and is used for the treatment of tumors and obstructions of the throat. The leaves are eaten to treat madness; a leaf maceration is taken as a galactagogue. A leaf decoction is drunk to treat gallstones. Leaf preparations are applied externally to treat snakebites and fever, and as eye drops they are used to treat filariasis.

26. SHEA (VITELLARIA PARADOXA)
The roots, leaves and bark have medicinal properties. Powdered roots are used against liver cancer, stomach pain (gastritis), female infertility and ascites. The tender leaves macerated cold or in decoction treat jaundice, relieve nausea, constipation, diarrhea and stomach bloating. The bark is purgative and emetic. Used superficially or in decoction, it is used for medico-magical purposes and is used in the treatment of madness, fevers, constipation, schistosomiasis, amoebic dysentery, cough, etc. Ash from the leaves kills lice (Malgras, 1992; Arbonnier, 2000). The seeds of Vitellaria paradoxa are also antivenomous. Due to its emollient and healing properties, shea butter is frequently used in the cosmetics industry and in pharmacies for the manufacture of ointments, soaps, lipsticks and poultices.

27. K*M (PSEUDOSPONDIAS MICROCARPA)
The bark of this tree, which contains a reddish resin, is ground into a powder or infused to combat certain ailments. Depending on the country, it is used to treat coughs, jaundice or other infections affecting the eyes. It is also used for its purgative and diuretic properties or to treat lumbago, asthenia, pain related to teeth, ribs or rheumatism, and gonococcal complications. It is also administered to act against malaria, constipation or intestinal worm problems.

28. KOSSIPO (ENTANDROPHRAGMA CANDOLLEI)
The bark is used in traditional medicine. Externally, the sap of the bark is applied as an anodyne, and the sap of the root bark is applied to snakebites.

29. LIMBALI (GILBERTIODENDRON DEWEVREI)
In traditional medicine, the powdered bark is prescribed in the treatment of dysentery and sprinkled on wounds, the leaves are used against sterility and asthma and to aid childbirth, while the leaf ash in scarifications in case of pain in the knees. In other cases, sap from the stem is applied to paronychia, a decoction of the bark is drunk in the treatment of gastritis and gonorrhea, the sap extracted from the bark is mixed with that of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. is used against otitis, and shavings of the dried, pounded bark are applied to burns.

30. MOABI (BAILLONELLA TOXISPERMA)
The fruit pulp is eaten fresh despite the presence of latex. The kernel of the seed contains an oil used for cooking, in cosmetics and in traditional medicine. The oil is applied as a hair pomade, and used for making soap and, externally, to treat rheumatic pains. Extraction residues are sometimes used as fish poison. Bark decoctions treat kidney ailments, dental pain, rickets, vaginal infections and respiratory and digestive tract complaints. The tree has several ritual uses. In the Mount Cameroon region the bark is used to treat infertility and other gynecological problems in women (Laird et al., 1997).

31. NIOVE (STAUDTIA KAMERUNENSIS)
In traditional medicine a bark decoction is drunk against menstrual disorders, dysentery, lung complaints and cough. As a gargle, it treats diseases of the mouth. Sap from the bark is applied to snakebites. It is also used to heal wounds, stop bleeding and treat eye pain. The pulverized bark is applied to ulcers, especially yaws, with powdered Padauk wood (Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub.). A medicine is prepared from cooked wood shavings against gonorrhoea and rheumatism. In Congo fresh twigs are crushed and salted, then chewed as an aphrodisiac. In friction on the chest, the heated leaves serve as a galactagogue, and in friction on the skin, the seed pulp mixed with palm oil repels sandflies. The seeds produce a yellow, aromatic fat which is used as an ointment or medicine against scabies; they are also used as bait for porcupines and palm rats. The aril is edible.

32. OKAN (CYLICODISCUS GABUNENSIS)
A decoction of the bark administered as an e***a is used to treat stomach ailments, and absorbed or poured into bath water, it is used as an analgesic and anti-emetic, to treat venereal diseases, malaria, psoriasis and rheumatism. A leaf maceration is used in case of migraine.

33. PADOUK (PTEROCARPUS SOYAUXII)
The powdered wood, baked with a slice of sweet lemon, is used in Gabon on wounds and, mixed with palm oil, raffia oil or vegetable butter (extracted, for example, from seeds of Tieghemella africana Pierre), to treat skin diseases, ringworm and yaws. Partly, no doubt, because of its blood-red color and the symbolism associated with it, it is also used in ritual ceremonies related to circumcision, initiation, marriage, childbirth and widowhood. The bark contains a kino (“dragon’s blood”) type resin which is very astringent and used in traditional veterinary medicine to ward off skin parasites. By scraping the inner surface of the bark, a pulp is obtained which is applied as a moist dressing against inflammations, oedemas, the beginnings of hernia and paronychia. Decoctions, potions or steam baths of leaves and bark are taken against broncho-pulmonary affections.

34. RONIER PALM (BORASSUS AETHIOPUM)
The roots of Borassus aethiopum are endowed with medicinal properties. They treat sore throats, bronchitis, respiratory disorders and extinction of the way.

35. UMBRELLA (MUSANGA CECROPIOIDES)
Musanga cecropioides is an important medicinal plant. Several parts of the plant are used in traditional medicine. A bark decoction is drunk against cough, high blood pressure, constipation, against labor pains and against schizophrenia, as an antidiabetic and anthelmintic, and, mixed with the bark of other trees, it cure tuberculosis. A bark decoction is taken as a bath against skin disorders and as a gargle for toothache, while the bark is applied externally to stiffness and lumbago. The sap of the stems is administered in case of dysmenorrhea and as a galactagogue, the sap of the roots in case of stomach spasm, diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, lung disease, trypanosomiasis, skin disease, otitis, rheumatism , edema and epilepsy, and to facilitate childbirth. The sheath-like stipules are applied as an emmenagogue and oxytocic, to treat stomach pains, hiccups and wounds. An infusion of young leaves is taken against gonorrhoea and cough. In Cameroon the leaves are used in the treatment of hypertension. The decoction of inflorescences is prescribed to facilitate childbirth.

36. SAFOUTIER (DACRYODES EDULIS)
Leaf decoctions are taken to treat digestive tract disorders, toothache and earache. The bark is used to cure dysentery and anaemia, the root bark against leprosy; resin extracts from the bark treat scars and other skin problems.

37. SAPELLI (ENTANDROPHRAGMA CYLINDRICUM)
Bark decoctions or macerations are taken against bronchitis, lung complaints, colds, edema and as an analgesic, while bark pulp is applied externally to boils and wounds. Bark extracts were once used as a protective agent for stored maize. The tree is planted as an avenue, ornamental and shade tree. Caterpillars of the butterfly Imbrasia oyemensis are often found on the leaves.

38. TALI (ERYTHROPHLEUM IVORENSE)
The bark, which is sold as tali bark, 'sassy-bark', 'mancona bark' or 'casca bark', has several medicinal uses. A bark extract is taken in Sierra Leone as an emetic and laxative, and it is applied externally to relieve pain.

Sources:
https://uses.plantnet-project.org/;
Wikipedia, Plants of Cameroon;
Eyog Matig, O., Ndoye, O., Kengue, J. and Awono. The Edible Forest Fruit Trees of Cameroon. IPGRI 2006.