13/09/2024
Abu Simbel Temple of Ramesses II
Abu Simbel temple Ramesses II was built by Ramesses II to commemorate his victory at the Battle of Kadesh. 1274 BC. Ramesses II, son of Seti I, fought the enemies of the North, and the South. His most important battle was the Battle of Kadesh against the Hittites [ Read more about ancient Egyptian wars ]. This battle ended with a peace treaty between the two forces. On the walls of Abu Simbel and other Egyptian temples, Ramesses II boasted of having won the battle.
Abu Simbel temples facts
Abu Simbel temple is dedicated to worshiping Ramesses and the great deities of ancient Egypt, Amon, Ra, and Ptah. These three gods were highly revered throughout the history of ancient Egypt. Ra was the head of the Ennead of Heliopolis, Amon the head of the Triad of Thebes and Ptah of craftsmen god of Memphis. Next to the three is represented Ramesses as the fourth great god of Egypt.
The facade of the Abu Simbel temple is 33 meters high by 38 meters wide and is guarded by four seated statues. All the statues represent Ramesses II, sitting on a throne with the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt (Pschent Crown Egypt).
Each of them is about twenty meters high and is headed by a frieze of twenty-two baboons, sun worshippers, which flank the entrance. The statues and the temple were sculpted on a rocky hill. The statue to the left of the entrance broke during an earthquake and only its bottom was left intact.
Near the feet of the giants, there are other statues that do not reach the height of the pharaohโs knees. These represent various members of the Pharaohโs family, such as his chief wife Nefertari, Queen Mother Tuya, his first two sons Amun-her-khepeshef, Ramesses, and his first six daughters Bintanath, Baketmut, Nefertari, Meritamen, Nebettawy and Isetnofret.
The entrance is crowned by a bas-relief depicting two images of the king worshipping Ra-Horajti with the head of a hawk, whose statue stands in a large niche. This god is holding a hieroglyph and a feather in his right hand, with Maat to his left.
The facade is headed by twenty-two baboons, whose arms are extended in the air, supposedly worshipping the rising sun. Another notable feature of the facade is a stele that records the marriage of Ramesses with a daughter of king แธชattuลกili III, a union that sealed the peace between Egypt and the Hittites.
The interior of the Abu Simbel temple has the same layout as most ancient Egyptian temples, with rooms decreasing in size as you approach the sanctuary.
The hypostyle room is 18 meters long and 16.7 meters wide and is supported by eight large Osirian columns representing deified Ramesses linked to the god Osiris, the god of the underworld, to indicate the imperishable nature of the pharaoh.
The colossal statues along the left-hand wall carry the white crown of Upper Egypt (Hedjet), while those on the opposite side carry the double crown of Upper and Lower Egypt (Pschent Crown Egypt).
Abu Simbel temple โ inside โ
For most of the year, the inner sanctum of the main temple of Abu Simbel is shrouded in darkness. But twice a year, sunlight illuminates the seated statues of the sun gods Ra-Horakhty and Amon-Re, as well as a statue of Pharaoh Ramesses II, who had the temple built in his honor shortly after his ascension to the throne in 1279 BC.
On February 22 and October 22, the sunโs rays pe*****te the structure of the great temple and illuminate part of the internal walls. This was the twenty-first of these months, but when the temple was moved to the artificial hills, its orientation could not be exactly reproduced.
Egyptologists speculate that it could coincide with the birthday and coronation of Ramesses II, who reigned for 66 years between 1279 and 1213 BC. An example of why the Egyptians did not build anything at random and that they were a very advanced civilization for their time.
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