18/02/2025
The Semna Boundary Stela of Senwosret III
The Semna Boundary Stela of Senwosret III (r. 1878โ1839 B.C.) is made of quartzite, and its hieroglyphs present one of the most significant inscriptions from Ancient Egyptโs Middle Kingdom.
Discovered at the Semna fortress, near the Second Cataract of the Nile, the stela served both as a territorial marker and a proclamation of Egyptian supremacy over the southern lands.
Explicitly warning the Nubians against crossing into Egyptian-controlled territory and emphasizing the kingโs absolute authority, it stands as a powerful testament to the kingโs military dominance and nationalistic ideology.
Part of the inscription reads:
"...anticipating inferiors, suppressing mercy, merciless to the enemy who attacks him,
who attacks one who would attack, who is silent when one is silent,
who replies to a matter as befits it. For to be idle after an attack
is to strengthen the heart of the enemy. Aggression is valour and retreat is cowardice.
Who is driven from his border is truly a coward.
For the Nubian listens to the word of mouth. Answering him is making him retreat.
If one acts aggressively towards him, he turns his back.
Retreat, and he will take occasion to act aggressively.
For they are not respectable people. They are wretches with broken spirits.
My Majesty has seen them; it is no lie. I captured their women,
I carried off their underlings, went to their wells, drove off their bulls,
tore out their barley, set fire to it. As my father lives for me, I speak truthfully,
there is no boast that comes from my mouth.
As for any son of mine who shall maintain this border that My Majesty established,
he is my son, born to My Majesty. It befits a son that he be the champion of his father,
and maintains the border of his begetter. As to him who shall lose it,
who shall not fight for it, he is not my son, he was not born to me."