TAREK TOURS

11/12/2023

Meidum
Outside the pyramid, many elements that would become the standard for pyramid complexes to come were already present as well. A chapel, measuring 9.18 by 9 meters, was built against its eastern face. To the south, there was a small satellite pyramid. It has an entrance in its north face with a descending passage leading down to the burial chamber. It was already heavily destroyed when it was found.



Traces of an enclosure wall, measuring some 236 by 218 meters surrounding this complex have also been found, as well as a causeway, cut in the bedrock and encased in limestone.



It is clear that the transition from the Early Dynastic funerary complexes to those of the Old Kingdom. The original shape of the pyramid still reflects the 3rd Dynasty tradition, but the building complex technique, the presence of a satellite pyramid, an eastern chapel and a causeway herald the tradition of the Old Kingdom.

09/12/2023

During the first years of the Second World War, the French Egyptologist Pierre Montet (1885-1966) made a major discovery at Tanis 130 km (80 miles) northeast of modern Cairo—the undisturbed tomb of King Psusennes I (1039-991 BC) with its accompanying treasures which can currently be seen in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Yet Psusennes I was far from alone in the tomb and, in the antechamber, Montet discovered this silver coffin belonging to Sheshonq II (reigned around 890 BC) of the 22nd Dynasty (945-715 BC) which was originally of Libyan origins but ruled from Bubastis in the Nile Delta.
Sheshonq II's magnificent silver coffin is 190cm (6') long and is probably intended to represent the ancient god Sokar who was associated particularly with the area around Memphis, the ancient Egyptian administrative capital.
Sokar was principally thought of as a god of the Otherworld. As such, he is often mentioned in the texts associated with guiding the dead in the afterlife. Sokar was closely linked with the god Ptah (also of Memphis) and, later, combined with the principal god of the Otherworld, Osiris.
By the Middle Kingdom (1985-1650 BC), the three gods were frequently combined into one (as Ptah-Sokar-Osiris) and remained so almost to the end of the ancient Egyptian state. This kind of combination of broadly similar gods into one deity was an increasingly frequent occurrence within religious practice in later centuries.
Silver seems to have been regarded as more valuable than gold by the ancient Egyptians as there were few natural sources of it within the boundaries of the state, which makes this life-size representation of Sokar all the more remarkabl

Egyptian Museum, Cairo).

08/12/2023

Imhotep Museum
It opened a few days ago for the second time after it was closed for development. This museum is considered one of the most beautiful museums. It tells the story of the oldest builder in Egypt, the engineer Imhotep, who built the Step Pyramid of Djoser It is considered the first building to be constructed of stone in history
The museum focuses on three things, namely the architectural and artistic style and the development of burial methods during ancient times One of the things that distinguishes the museum is the presence of the first surgical tools known to the world, which date back to the Fifth Dynasty, and also the oldest royal mummy, the mummy of King Meri Ra, the fourth king of the Sixth Dynast

05/12/2023

Statue of Mentuhotep II.Western Thebes,Deir el Bahari,funerary temple of Mentuhotep II,11th Dynasty,ca.2020 BC,painted sandstone.
Statue was ritually buried in an Osiris tomb under the burial structure.The face and body were subsequently painted black,that is the color of the god of the dead.Mentuhotep wears the white sed festival cloak,a very large ceremonial beard and the Red Crown of Lower Egypt.

05/12/2023

Statue of Akhenaten (alabaster), from Tell el-Amarna. Amarna Period, New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1353-1336 BC. Egyptian Museum,

04/12/2023

The mummy of the great King Merntepah fourth king of the 19th Dynasty, son of King Ramesses II. The mummy was discovered in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings in 1898 by the French archaeologist Victor Loret.

04/12/2023

The Imhotep Museum was opened in Saqqara, which was established in memory of the architect Imhotep. No one mentions the pyramids of Egypt and the step pyramid at Saqqara without mentioning the engineer “Imhotep,” the greatest architect in human and ancient Pharaonic history. He was the first to erect a pyramidal building, by building the step pyramid at Saqqara. He brought about an architectural revolution in building by using stone instead of clay bricks, and he was the first to erect columns and the roof of temples from stone, and to erect statues above the ground.
It is worth noting that the establishment of the Imhotep Museum dates back to 1997, and its area is about 1,500 square meters, and it includes 286 artifacts on display, distributed in 6 halls inside 27 display galleries, in addition to about 70 artifacts inside 6 galleries for temporary display and the librar

03/12/2023

Pharaoh Tutankhamon as God Amun
Luxor Museum, Luxor - Egypt.
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Statue of god Amun
XIX Dynasty, Reign of Ramesses I, New Kingdom, 1347-1336 BC. The height of the statue is 1.55 m. Limestone.
Before entering the main halls of the Luxor Museum visitors are welcomed by the human-size statue, representing King Tutankhamun as Amun. It was discovered in the Karnak Temple Cachette* in 1903 at the VII Pylon during archaeological works, directed by the French archaeologist Georges Albert Legrain.
* In 1903, the French archaeologist Georges Albert Legrain made an important discovery during the archaeological works in the Karnak Temple. In the north-western part of the Temple of Amun, before its VII Pylon, he discovered an ancient cachette, containing about 800 stone and 17,000 bronze statues, as well as a great number of other egyptian artifacts. Most of them were moved to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. (Further in report, the artifacts found in this place will be accompanied by the mark "Karnak Temple Cachette").

03/12/2023

Pharaoh Tutankhamon as God Amun
Luxor Museum, Luxor - Egypt.

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Statue of god Amun

XIX Dynasty, Reign of Ramesses I, New Kingdom, 1347-1336 BC. The height of the statue is 1.55 m. Limestone.

Before entering the main halls of the Luxor Museum visitors are welcomed by the human-size statue, representing King Tutankhamun as Amun. It was discovered in the Karnak Temple Cachette* in 1903 at the VII Pylon during archaeological works, directed by the French archaeologist Georges Albert Legrain.

* In 1903, the French archaeologist Georges Albert Legrain made an important discovery during the archaeological works in the Karnak Temple. In the north-western part of the Temple of Amun, before its VII Pylon, he discovered an ancient cachette, containing about 800 stone and 17,000 bronze statues, as well as a great number of other egyptian artifacts. Most of them were moved to the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. (Further in report, the artifacts found in this place will be accompanied by the mark "Karnak Temple Cachette").

02/12/2023

By 4 p.m. on the 26th November, 1922, the descending corridor leading down to a second door in Tutankhamun's tomb in the Valley of the Kings had been cleared. Not knowing what lay beyond, Howard Carter made a small hole in the wall and, by means of an iron rod, discovered a void rather than more blocking rubble.
Famously, he enlarged the hole and climbed into the first chamber packed with treasures.
The next day, with electric lights installed, the approximate layout of the tomb became clearer. Leading off this 'antechamber', to the west, was the half-opened doorway to what would prove to be a further storage room, but to the north was a stamped plaster area standing between two large (1.9m; 6'2") 'guardian' statues.
The statues of the young king—made of resin-coated wood smoothed with plaster and overlain with gilded regalia and features—were slightly offset so that the gaze of the penetrating eyes (made of limestone and obsidian) would fall directly on anyone who might contemplate proceeding.
Tutankhamun's titles appear on both statues and a further text on one states that it represents the royal 'ka' (part of the ancient Egyptian concept of the 'soul') of the deceased.
Nonetheless, although the fact was hidden for many years, the excavators crawled through a small hole into the burial chamber beyond on the night of 28th November. Carter was from that point well aware of the shrines and the probable sarcophagi that lay behind the sealed door.

29/11/2023

28/11/2023

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The first real pyramid - the pyramid of Meidum
The Meidum pyramid is located near the entrance to Fayoum, about 50 kilometers south of Dahshur on the western edge of the cultivated area where it becomes a desert. This monument was originally attributed to King Honey, who ruled for almost fourteen years at the end of the Third Dynasty - mainly because there was no other pyramid in his name. Current archaeologists believe it was probably built by Sneferu, Honey's son and successor, and the first king of the Fourth Dynasty, although it was Honey who laid the foundations. There is no record of Honey at all in the structure, but Petri found several blocks with graffiti indicating the seventeenth year of Sneferu's reign. There is also an eighteenth dynasty graffiti named after Sneferu in the corridor and room of the funerary temple.
Meidum Pyramid was built in steps in the manner of old-style stepped pyramids, first with seven steps adjusted to eight and then filled with fillings and regular rotations of high-quality stone to create a smooth surface. Many Egyptologists call Meidum's the first 'real' pyramid, and it certainly seems to be the transition point between the pyramids.
It certainly seems to be the transition point between the early pyramids and the great monuments like those we see in Giza. Meidum's pyramid appears to have been built in three phases of construction. The first phase consisted of the construction of a seven-tier structure, which was then expanded and covered in the second phase and filled with its final cover in the third phase, probably during the last years of Sneferu's reign.
Today only three steps can be seen, rising from the pile of rubble to a huge and strange tower. There are many theories about how its casing was lost – an early collapse during construction, or an earthquake in ancient times – but the most likely explanation is that it was easy to extract casing blocks, and Petrie recorded that the stone was still being mined at the time it was investigated in the late nineteenth century. Some limestone casing blocks are still visible on the west side

27/11/2023

Battre et discipliner ceux qui ont commis le péché

27/11/2023

“When Ramses II wanted to gift something to his wife Nefertari to express to her how much he loved her, he carved this architectural masterpiece for her in the mountains of Aswan.

He carved it with sincerity and love and wrote on its walls words of love, it's the most romantic in history.
“This monument is a dedication to the master of the Delta and Upper Egypt, the beautiful-natured Nefertari, the one for whom the sun shines.”

Since that day, the small temple of Abu Simbel has remained a witness to a love story that lived here on the land of Egypt for thousands of years.

Ramses and Nefertari are an Egyptian story that will live forever 💕

26/11/2023

Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun is not the most outstanding achievements in the history of ancient Egypt, but is the most famous today, his valuable burial goods and the world-famous gold mask has become an important symbol of Egypt's ancient civilization. However, in addition to a very small number of experts, who have not witnessed the "teenage pharaoh" of the true face. November 4, in the sarcophagus of Luxor, "sleeping" in the 3,000 years of Tutankhamun mummy was transferred to the special glass display case, the first time to the world on public display. the world for the first time

26/11/2023

shed light on the most beautiful stories of love and family bonding in the era of ancient Egypt, including the love story of Nefertiti and Akhenaten, the most beautiful love story in the history of ancient Egypt

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26/11/2023

La fabrication du verre a commencé en Égypte à l'âge du bronze, 1500-1250 avant JC.
_Les Égyptiens ont pu découvrir comment fabriquer du verre
Cela se faisait à travers du verre en fusionnant du sable de quartz avec celui disponible, et ils produisaient des blocs de bière de taille moyenne, puis les transportaient à l'usine, les traitaient et les exportaient.

26/11/2023

La circoncision dans l'Egypte ancienne 2250 AVANT JC

26/11/2023

A remarkable survival, this 1.77 m (5.8 ft) copper statue represents King Pepy I, one of the last kings of the Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BC).
With a smaller statue (possibly of his son, Merenra, or of Pepi's younger self) tucked inside, this masterpiece was found in a temple storeroom at the ancient city of Nekhen (Greek: 'Hierakonpolis') in Upper (southern) Egypt. It was created by beating copper sheets over a wooden core and is believed to be the earliest life-sized metal statue that remains in existence.
Understandably given its age, some parts of the original statue are missing, including the king's crown and the linen kilt he would have worn in life. It is possible that these were originally made of a more valuable metal. Certainly, traces of gold leaf and the arresting limestone and obsidian eyes suggest that this was a work of particular beauty and a clear demonstration of the continuing divine power of the (presumably) dead king.
It is likely that Pepy I was young when he ascended the Egyptian throne (around 2321 BC) as he seems to have reigned for about 50 years despite an assassination plot concocted by one of his wives at some point in his reign.
He was eventually buried near the ancient administrative capital at 'Inebu-hedj' ('White Walls') to the south-west of modern Cairo and across the Nile. The name we use for this place today, 'Memphis', may be indirectly derived from that of Pepi I's own pyramid complex 'Mn-nfr' '[Pepi is] established and good', this title being later misunderstood by classical authors.

25/11/2023

Aerial photography showing details of the top of King Khafre's pyramid. The pyramid of Khafre or of Chephren is the middle of the three Ancient Egyptian Pyramids of Giza, the second tallest and second largest of the group. It is the tomb of the Fourth-Dynasty pharaoh Khafre (Chefren), who ruled c. 2558−2532 BC.

23/11/2023

Gold Sandals of King Shoshenq II
Third Intermediate Period, 22nd Dynasty, ca. 887-885 BC.
From Tanis. Now in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

23/11/2023

Innermost coffin of Tutankhamun with large floral garland still in place, photographed by Harry Burton (1879-1940).
The Howard Carter Archives. The Griffith Institute. Burton Photo. No. P0731

23/11/2023

When King Tutankhamun's tomb was uncovered, among the things that raised eyebrows was a collection of 130 ornate sticks. These sticks carried heads that represented the shapes of Egypt's ancient enemies, who threatened the security and stability of the country. These heads showed the enemies in a state of humiliation and submission, each showing his hands tied behind his back. This shows that King Tutankhamun was a successful leader and a courageous hero, and that he was able to preserve Egypt's sovereignty and dignity. This pride and arrogance was reflected in the various belongings of the king, which bear pictures of prisoners of war and invasions (Libyan, Syrian, Turkish, Kushi, Habash

23/11/2023

The mummy of King Ramesses II, also known as “Ramesses the Great” Ramses II was born 1303 BC and died in the year 1213 BC, son of Seti I and Queen Tuya, the third pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt.

22/11/2023

Rare funeral plaque reveals the life of an ancient Egyptian official
In 2019, a team of Egyptologists dug the Abu Sir cemetery, a huge tomb for kings and officials of the fourth and fifth dynasties (circa 2575–2323 BC). One day, they found something unexpected: a colorful white funerary plaque from the Fifth Dynasty, buried in an older mud-brick cemetery. The painting commemorated Sikhmeka, the treasury clerk, and his wife Hanutsen. Scientists were amazed by the quality of the coating and the details that reveal the life of this couple in the Pharaonic era.

The image below shows the moment the painting, which measures 3.5 × 1.5 feet, was discovered. The couple can be seen standing in the hallway, surrounded by hieroglyphs asking for offerings in the afterlife. Another scene can be seen above the entrance, where the couple sits at a table covered with bread, incense and flowers. Paint colors stand out magnificently against the background of white limestone.

This painting is unique because it combines different elements of funerary monuments in a creative way. These scenes are usually separate from each other, and do not appear at the same level or place. The painting also shows that Sikhmka and Hanutsen had good social status, although they were not high-level officials. This may be why an old cemetery was reused for them, rather than building a new one.

This painting contributes to our knowledge of the culture, religion and art of the Old Kingdom, which was an era of development and prosperity in the history of Egypt. It also makes the characters of Sikhmka and Hanutsen more vivid and human, and shows us a side of their lives that have passed for thousands of years.

21/11/2023

The makeup artist during The ancient Egypt 1322 BC

21/11/2023

The first real pyramid - the pyramid of Meidum
The Meidum pyramid is located near the entrance to Fayoum, about 50 kilometers south of Dahshur on the western edge of the cultivated area where it becomes a desert. This monument was originally attributed to King Honey, who ruled for almost fourteen years at the end of the Third Dynasty - mainly because there was no other pyramid in his name. Current archaeologists believe it was probably built by Sneferu, Honey's son and successor, and the first king of the Fourth Dynasty, although it was Honey who laid the foundations. There is no record of Honey at all in the structure, but Petri found several blocks with graffiti indicating the seventeenth year of Sneferu's reign. There is also an eighteenth dynasty graffiti named after Sneferu in the corridor and room of the funerary temple.
Meidum Pyramid was built in steps in the manner of old-style stepped pyramids, first with seven steps adjusted to eight and then filled with fillings and regular rotations of high-quality stone to create a smooth surface. Many Egyptologists call Meidum's the first 'real' pyramid, and it certainly seems to be the transition point between the pyramids.
It certainly seems to be the transition point between the early pyramids and the great monuments like those we see in Giza. Meidum's pyramid appears to have been built in three phases of construction. The first phase consisted of the construction of a seven-tier structure, which was then expanded and covered in the second phase and filled with its final cover in the third phase, probably during the last years of Sneferu's reign.
Today only three steps can be seen, rising from the pile of rubble to a huge and strange tower. There are many theories about how its casing was lost – an early collapse during construction, or an earthquake in ancient times – but the most likely explanation is that it was easy to extract casing blocks, and Petrie recorded that the stone was still being mined at the time it was investigated in the late nineteenth century. Some limestone casing blocks are still visible on the west si

21/11/2023

The statue of Merit Amun was found in 1982 in Akhmim, 13 meters long, weighing 31 tons, and represents the daughter of King Ramses II, holding in her hand a slaughterhouse, which is one of the insignia of governance, a whip or carbage, and was considered a symbol of protection in ancient Egypt.
Akhmim was within the ninth region of Upper Egypt, and is famous for the temple of Ramses II and the statue of Merit Amun, stressing that there is another statue of her in Tel Basta in Zagazig,

21/11/2023

The masks in ancient Egypt reflected the beauty and mastery of the design of the ancient Egyptians, and testified to the richness of their history and civilization.

18/11/2023

Archaeologists and historians describe the moment of the discovery of the statue of King Menkaure, on January 18, 1910, as a unique and exciting moment in archaeological discoveries, where the king was found 117 years ago, and his wife 'Kha Marr Nabti', while digging the floor of a room in the valley temple of the king by the excavation mission of Harvard University and the Boston Museum under the leadership of archaeologist George Reisner.A huge quarry was found in Aswan, and it is the main work site, and it was found on a monument between two huge rocks, where a block of Black granite bears an inscription in the name of King Khufu, the builder of the Great Pyramid, grandfather of King Menkaure, the painting was stuck in sand, and sandstorms over 4,000 years, have affected the inscriptions but the inscription reads clearly

17/11/2023

Le moment de la découverte du vrai Livre des Morts

17/11/2023

A group of archaeologists discovered the bust of a statue of Pharaoh Amenhotep III -1410-1372 BC- in the monumental city of Luxor, located 700 kilometers south of Cairo, reported the Supreme Council of Antiquities (CSA).

According to a CSA statement, the piece was found during excavations taking place northwest of the king's temple, in the area of Kom el Hitan, on the western bank of the Nile.

The bust, belonging to a double statue of Amenhotep III in granite, represents the pharaoh together with the god Ra Hur Ojti, who has the shape of a falcon.

16/11/2023

From here came the design of the head cover nemes
It was not a coincidence or random thing
Everything has meaning.

15/11/2023

How did the ancient Egyptians set fire to a 3000-year-old lighter?
If you think that a fire lighter is a modern invention, you are mistaken. In the tomb of King Tutankhamun, an ancient and unique fire lighter was discovered, which was used by the ancient Egyptians to light a fire easily and quickly. This lighter is not just a stick or sulfur, it is a complex device with 12 resin-filled holes, which is a sticky and flammable substance. In addition, the lighter has a thin stick that rotates by hand in the holes, creating a spark through friction. This spark ignites flammable material that is placed on top of the pits, such as sawdust or grass. To increase the stability of the lighter, a separate head is attached to the drill stick. This lighter is a testament to the ingenuity of the ancient Egyptians in using technology to facilitate their lives.

14/11/2023

Standing Statue of Pharaoh Thutmose III
XVIII Dinasty - Egypt.

Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

The pharaoh was quite a remarkable warrior prince of Thebes and the greatest of all generals in Egyptian history. Unlike many generals before and after him, he did not permit his military training and experience in war to narrow his intellect.

He was no military mechanic or a mere technician of war; instead, he was an integral man who retained his interest in things botanical, biological, religious, literary, aesthetic, and architectural to the end of his life.

12/11/2023

Treating pain by knocking on the back 2100BC

12/11/2023

Imagine that this is one stone out of 2 million and 300 thousand stones that were cut, dragged and lifted to build the Great Pyramid more than 3000 years ago.

11/11/2023

The Inner sarcophagus and the mummy Of King Tutankhamun.

11/11/2023

The Great Sphinx still partially covered - Egypt, 1860
☆The largest and most famous sphinx in the world is the Sphinx of Giza. The enormous structure is located near the three great pyramids in Giza, a suburb of the Egyptian capital Cairo.
☆ The sphinx – a popular mythological figure with the head of a human and (usually the) body of a lion – was carved from a large rock formation that already had the rough shapes of the sphinx in it. Human hands created the model of the current Sphinx. The sphinx is a total of 73 meters long, 19 meters wide and 20 meters high. This makes it one of the largest and oldest monolithic statues in the world. The monument consists of three layers of limestone. Rumors are regularly heard that there are spaces and possibly corridors in and under the Sphinx of Giza. However, these have never been found until now.