26/01/2023
Cueva de Sant Josep, the longest navigable underground river in Europe
Although not around the Calpe area, surely worth a visit...
The Sant Josep cave, also called Gruta de San José, in the municipality of Vall de Uxó (Castellón), is located on the Costa de Azahar, near the Sierra de Espadán Natural Park. Inside the cave of Sant Josep is the longest navigable underground river in Europe, quite a spectacle for those who enter its waters. A trip to the interior of the Earth in which to admire this cultural and geological heritage.
The cavity has an active upwelling that emerged from limestone during the Middle Triassic period. However, the curious thing is that despite the many visits that different speleologists have made to the cavity, the origin of the river is not yet known, nor is the end of the cave. The temperature inside the Sant Josep cave is also interesting, which remains constant at 20ºC throughout the year. It currently has 2,750 meters of travel, making it the longest-traveled cavity in Castellón and the second in the Valencian Community.
History of the cave of Sant Josep
The importance of this cave is such that before the advances of the 20th century, famous historians such as Sebastián Miñano, J.Cavanilles or Pascual Madoz had already cited the existence of the San José cave in their works on geography. In addition, it was found that the cave was already known in the Upper Paleolithic, that is, approximately 17,000 years ago. This was demonstrated by the archaeological sites found in the access mouth next to the cave paintings that are now declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site and an Asset of Cultural Interest. For this reason the entrance to the cave was moved.
The proximity of an Iberian settlement also indicated that during the Iberian era the cave was already known and explored. It is also known that the Romans knew of its existence, as can be seen thanks to a tombstone dedicated to Caio Cneo Crassus, who was the son of the Roman consul Marco Licinio Crassus.
The first known exploration was not carried out until 1902, in which the Boca del Forn was reached, a narrow passage that was left free by the waters on that date that marked the limit of the accessible part of the cave.
In the years that followed, interest grew in discovering every detail of the cave of Sant Josep. This is how, in 1915, the historian Carlos Sarthou Carreres made a partial exploration. A year later, residents of the town surpassed the Boca del Forn and reached Lake Diana. However, they found the Siphons Gallery an insurmountable obstacle.
Subsequently, the cave begins to be conditioned to facilitate visits and allow the passage of boats. Thus, in 1950, the Boca del Forn ceased to be the limit of the tour of the cave.
The first speleological exploration was carried out in 1954 and four years later the first topographic map of the Sant Josep cave was drawn up. In 1960 it was verified that the cave continues after passing the Siphons Gallery. This step is blown up with dynamite and the Blue Pond is discovered, as well as the rest of the galleries that make up the current route. There is also the Dry Gallery. In the following years, new galleries and siphons are discovered until reaching the known end of the cavity, exceeding 2,000 meters in length.
Travel the longest navigable underground river in Europe
The entrance to the cave of Sant Josep is equipped as a jetty for tourist visits to the cave. From here, a boatman guides the small boats through a journey that lasts about 40 minutes and sails for 800 meters, since the remaining 250 meters of the visit are dedicated to the dry gallery. It is a mysterious and, above all, silent space, in which the water has shaped the rocks at will over thousands of years, finding very curious shapes.
In this way, from the jetty a route begins that ends at the Hall of Bats. It is the first of the great rooms. Its name refers to the large number of bats that formerly inhabited the grotto of San José. Here the vault stands out, with thousands of forms sculpted by water. Leaving this room and after passing the lovers' walk, Lake Diana appears, five meters deep. It is characterized by green colors due to the moss that grows in the dark areas, although it is artificially illuminated.
After this you reach the Boca del Forn, an old artificially enlarged siphon. Passing this gallery, you come to a new narrow passage, the Siphons Gallery, an old flooded siphon 60 meters long. It is the longest artificial tunnel on the route. Some crustaceans live here that are only found in this type of natural space.
Then the Dry Gallery appears, where original formations stand out on the rock, thanks to the play of light and shadow, such as the Cascada de la Flor, which when it rains adds to its curious design the fall of water. At the end of this, the route rejoins the flooded gallery.
In this way, when you walk the 250 meters through a corridor guided by the rocks, you arrive at another jetty. Before getting back on the boat, you can glimpse the beginning of a dark tunnel that leads to the cave, already explored but closed to the public. About 1950 meters in total in which the secret of the beginning of the underground spring of the cave of Sant Josep is hidden. Few have entered this part of the cave, speleologists and experts.
Before the visit ends, and back on the boat, you can see the area known as La Catedral, as it has a 12-meter-high vault. Here you can see stalactites as strange as La Medusa hanging throughout the room, reminiscent of this animal.
During the summer months, short acoustic concerts are usually held in the Sala de los Murciélagos, as well as longer ones in the pier area. The capacity is limited to six boats. In order to enjoy this activity it is necessary to purchase tickets in advance. A whole musical show in a unique environment. Another of the activities that take place in the San José grotto are kayak expeditions with a bathroom included, although they only take place in low season.
More in the link below
https://covesdesantjosep.es/en/