02/03/2019
Happy
Ethiopia celebrates Victory Day, not Independence Day!
The Victory of Adwa!
Ethiopia is celebrating today, 2nd March 2019, the victory of Adwa, the victory over the invading Italian army, 123 years ago on 1 March 1896.
The European "SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA" in 1890s - also known as the 'Race for Africa' or 'Partition of Africa' was a process of invasion, occupation, colonization and annexation of African territories by European powers during the New Imperialism period, between 1881 and World Wars, in 1914. In 1870, about 10% of Africa was under European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90% of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia) and Liberia being independent (successfully resisting and defeating colonizers). According to one renowned historian, J. Raymond ('The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire'), "in an age of relentless European expansion, Ethiopia alone had successfully defended its independence". The battle of Adwa' - the climactic battle of the first Italo-Ethiopian war, a decisive defeat for Italy and that secured Ethiopian sovereignty.
THE BATTLE OF ADWA: In 1889, the Italians signed the Treaty of Wuchale with Menelik II. A dispute later arose over the interpretation of the two versions of the document. There were two versions of the treaty (Article 17), one in Italian, and one written in Amharic. Unbeknownst to the conquering King was the fact that the version in Italian had been altered by the translators to give Rome more power over Menelik II and his kingdom of Ethiopia.
When Menelik realized that he had been cheated he rejected the treaty and ceased all gratuities from the Italians. In Europe all countries except Turkey, Russia, and France chose to support the Italian version of the story. Menelik confronted the Italians, angering Rome, which ordered the Italian governor of Eritrea, General Oreste Baratieri to retaliate. He captured the cities of Adigrat, Adwa, and Mekelle from the Ethiopians and was noted as a hero in Italy.
The Italians fatally underestimated the Ethiopians. Bartieri returned to Eritrea boasting that he would bring Menelik back in a cage, not knowing Menelik had assembled over 120,000 men in Addis Ababa. Over 50% of these were armed with modern rifles. General Oreste Bartieri could only muster 17,000 men and when he realized that he was outnumbered he retreated to Adigrat, where Menelik overwhelmed him for 45 days.
The Italian mechanized army led by General Baratieri confronted the Emperor Menelik's army in Adwa on early morning of 1 March 1896. The battle took few hours and ended by mid day. The battle costed General Baratieri around 5, 216 killed, 1,428 wounded, and approximately 2,500 captured, among the prisoners, 1,800 'AskariI' troops (indigenous soldiers hired and trained by Italians, to kill Ethiopians- also called 'traitors' αΉα α£α», α£αα³αα½). The Menelik's (Ethiopian) army defeated General Baratieri's (Italian) army.
The history of the battle of Adwa and victory is not solely history of the people of Ethiopia, it is history of the people of Africa and indeed it is the history of the black race across the globe. 'The battle of Adwa' is a turning point in modern African history with a European colonial power being defeated and Ethiopia being recognized as a sovereign nation state by the European powers. This golden history of 'the battle of Adwa' will be protected, safeguarded and passed to generations after generations to come. 'The battle of Adwa' means Menelik II and Menelik II means 'the battle of Adwa', as far as the wide world outside is concerned.