10/06/2024
Today marks the anniversary of the death of another controversial figure in the history of Durham Cathedral, Dean William Whittingham. From Geordie Diary :
June 10th 1579 Dean William Whittingham of Durham died today. He was married to Catherine Jaquemans, sister to the wife of John Calvin. She burned St Cuthbert’s Banner which had been carried at the battle of Flodden . The Dean destroyed all traces of St Cuthbert, the saint’s statue was “defaced and broken all in pieces”. Revenge came in 1569 when the northern rebels “ did wholly spoil from Mr Dean of Durham all his household cattle and corn and so they did from the rest and residue of the churchmen of Durham”
He was buried in Durham Cathedral, where his tomb was destroyed by the Scots in 1640.”
Whittingham was appointed during the troubled times of the Reformation. His job seems to have been to destroy the belief among the Catholic population of Durham concerning the supernatural powers of St Cuthbert. At this time Cuthbert was believed to be a powerful but capricious spirit who could harm as well as heal, and intervene in the course of a battle. The cathedral was earning considerable amounts of revenue by hiring out the banner to armies in the hope of supernatural protection from it. When Whittingham personally took a hammer and beheaded the statue of Cuthbert many were surprised that the saint did not strike him dead on the spot.
Whittingham’s wife Catherine took an active part in the operation. It was she who mustered the reluctant monks out onto Palace Green to watch the ceremonial burning of Cuthbert’s banner. The banner had contained the sacred Corporax Cloth, the cloth Cuthbert used to cover the chalice during Mass since the Battle of Neville’s Cross in the 14th century. Common belief was that the banner was not only inflammable, it also held the power to extinguish fire: Catherine proved them wrong. She seems to have taken a fancy to a lot of the marble items in the cathedral, including a washbasin at the cathedral’s entrance used by pilgrims to purify their hands on entry. These were removed to Catherine’s kitchen. She had the tombs of monks disinterred, their bodies burnt and the stone coffins used as pig troughs on their farm. An ancient cross, used to mark the entrance of an underground tunnel to the castle disappeared around this time.
Her husband William was fanatical in his Puritan beliefs, so much so that he refused to wear anything other than his everyday clothing during his work in the Cathedral. This precipitated what was essentially an employment tribunal which looked at all aspects of his behaviour. When the tribunal found “Drunkenness, proved. Adultery, part proved” he was forced modify his behaviour and by the early 17th century the Whittinghams were living in Holmside Hall near Burnhope, which had an enclosed area almost as big as Lumley Castle. Local Catholics hated the family, and there was a widespread belief that their son, Sir Timothy Whittingham, murdered three wives.
The pictures are from my PowerPoint presentation “The First Banner of St Cuthbert” which is being well received by local history groups.