Bangli Regency, Bali, Indonesia
Coordinates
8°14′31.2″S 115°22′30″E Coordinates: 8°14′31.2″S 115°22′30″E
Type Volcanic caldera
Last eruption
1999 2000
Batur volcano is a magnificent dramatic shaped caldera 13 x 9 km located in Bali Indonesia, Indonesia comprised of most world active volcanisms; Java is the finest and the most beautiful tropical island in the world and Bali rose up from the sub-marine volcanic eruption millions of years ago, this eruption had extinguished over 75 percent of the world’s inhabitance. From 155 active volcanisms in Indonesia and, twenty of those are still active in Java and Bali. Both islands are situated on these active volcanisms inter-connected to the Pacific Ring of Fire subduction underneath in the magma chamber. Java active volcanisms from east to west including Krakatau exists in the present day and, two volcanoes are still active in Bali: the classical shape Mt. Agung 3142m and the dramatic shape (Batur caldera).
Batur volcano is the finest and the most beautiful caldera in the world (van Bemmelen 1970), inside the caldera raised up Mt Batur 1717 m one of the Indonesian active volcanisms, this volcano raised up from the epi-center of double concentric calderas North West of Mt. Agung. Various Catastrophic phyroclastic eruptions have become the prime creator of the calderas thousands of years ago.
The Southeast corner of the caldera layman, appeared Lake Batur 16 km2 and 91 m in deep and, the inner caldera 7.5-kilometers was created during the emplacement of the south Bali lahar-ignimbrite which has been dated 19300 years ago and mostly flowed and destroyed Southern sub-regions; volcanic lahar emitted from the strato-volcano and flowed southwest island such in Tanah Lot etc.
The inner caldera link is extended into the lake body. South Bali remained lahar ignimbrites sediments are used for holy shrine construction for the temples and house buildings in Balinese styles current and the present days. The lahar ignimbrite sediments in regard to use those for building construction are carved with pre-historical and recent historical images theologically in the purpose of guarding and stabilizing the island from evil spirit and looking after the island.
Villages within the inside the inner caldera is densely populated includes the six main villages; Kedisan, Songan A, Songan B, Trunyan, Abang and Buahan, those villages are existed on the lakesides agricultural and fisheries territorial. Between the outer and the inner caldera is less density of human settlement and populated includes Belandingan and Pinggan. On the lateral rim and nearby is populated and includes Siakin, Sukawana, Kintamani and north-middle and south Batur villages. Those villages exist in eastern part of Kintamani sub-district.
. Batur 1,717 m (5,633 ft) Batur volcano is linked into the Pacific Ring of Fire subduction underneath and network with the world volcanisms. The first historical eruption of Mt. Batur was in 1804 from the crater I, and other small craters also formed within the time and have been frequently active during 1849, 1888, 1917, 1963, 1968, and 1974 to the last two eruption 1999 and 2000. The solidified lava flows between Mr. Batur and the lake particularly the 1849 lava field is extremely gigantic, the volcanic lava flow destroyed the lake bed and constricted deep lakeside on the lava edge, this is great refuge for the fisheries development. Seismological monitoring system is provided and installed by the volcanologists somewhere around the volcano to monitor the volcanic activity and the earthquakes regarding to the activity of the volcano.
Lake Batur Lake Batur, the largest Crater Lake 16 km2 and 91 m deepmis ichthyologic, good source of native and farming fisheries, but the case occurs due to the pollution of the lake water with thick sediments and chemical use from the agricultural activities in the area of the lake. While the vicinities around and inside the caldera is the agricultural complex dominant on the total territorial of the caldera. Lake water characters: unless Lake Batur comprised three categories; epilimnion is localized from the surface down about ten meters, the metalimnion is intermediating both epi and Hipholimnion with oxygen concentration and hipholimnion is localized deepest in the lake bed.
Epi-meta and hipholimnion are frequently described such lake water characters and attention to introduce the condition of the lake water respectively. Analyzers claimed scientific research was made in Lake Batur to measure the water quality recently through biological and non biological pollution. Systematic sampling is made at the lake. They noted the data are analyzed by ecological statistic and its result is comparative to the standard water quality? Another view is that the polluted chemical in the lake water is caused four categories such as: pathogen from bacteria and Protozoa, toxic from industrial west and agricultural chemical evaporation, euthropication from nutrient rich and causes lake shallowness and deoxygenating. Fisheries
Agricultures, Balinese coffee production famous the world over for its delicate aroma and still important export commodity from Kintamani mountainous areas. Other crops such as onion, chili, tomato and so forth have also stepped up, in mountainous regions, various new vegetation are under intensive cultivation to supply local and regional consumption demands. Single fishery commodity is also part of the economic gradation.
The outside the caldera lateral, orange and mandarins plantation is in prosperity and gainful development respectively around the villages nearby caldera lateral. Native agricultural industry is dominated by autochthonous crops such as corn, sweet potatoes etc. Rice is not grown in this area due to the volcanic sedimentary ashes are not recommended in rice field plantation. For local tradition, to grow rice is not recommended here due to the human skin healthy carefulness. Mythological advisory, when someone grow rice in the bottom of Batur caldera, endemic sickness is skin begins.
Settlements, Human settlements are made from manual traditional community’s work and neighborhood in less density too. The 1963 eruption of Mt. Batur produced millions of cubic meters of volcanic debris; sands and ash from the pyroclastic lava flow ejected from the parasitic cones are useful for human refuges. Village settlements are localized for the current communities where people live with their own families.
The geospatial modeling, settlements in this village commonly is tolerance, they are cooperated one to another and in village’s regulation collectivity is acceptable concepts. The village settlements, with population range from thousands remained in old heritance system. For instant when someone felt sick, the other members of the villages are involving in an effort for a help. Still alike to the past, villages formed their societies for their own members to accommodate the subsistence and other demands.
They haven’t been eclipsed in importance responsibility such uniting human society and settlement here to cooperate themselves in an organization. In other phenomenon, settlements often built in public land in regard to survive themselves from manual farming system and the settlements are not legally allowed, but they build simple foundation without cement concrete, just for short term.
Culture The term so many villages so many custom exists in this region, they village customs are concerning to the tradition, different the whole Balinese culture in general but they have custom themselves. The village system in tradition leaded by seniority not elected by the members but those who is keeping in touch longer not marry their last child or one of their grandchild until they get chance to be leaders then they become leaders of the villages. Balinese villages also have leaders: civil leadership related to the country regulation and tradition is related to the tradition. Civil leader is elected by the member of the village but tradition leader is not elected.
Balinese belief and culture had been started when Hinduism was brought from India to Indonesia on the beginning of BC year collaborated with Indonesian Hindus to become powerful of Hinduism and Buddhism before Islam took over, Indian migrants inter-populated Indonesia since then. Bali was influenced by the Javanese culture. Hindu Kingdoms in West, Central and East Java had their great influence to Bali around 400 AD, after the time Islam came into Indonesia; Hindu Kingdom in Java undergone lost in power, since the time, numbers of Hindu priests migrated to Bali with their missionaries of Hindu refugees.
Artists and their followers refused the new culture and religion and escaped to Bali. Javanese priests have built some important Hindu Temples in Bali such Tanah Lot etc. In the villages Hindu Trinity: Brahma from village had temple, Vishnu for upside temple and Shiva for head cemetery temple are the mainstream guideline to devote, birth, life and death under Trinity’s Power.
Tourism and Camping available Camping ground on the top of the candera rim is fantastic and has stunning view of Mountain, Lake and the Ocean
Since 1980s to the present tourism in Toya Bungkah has become part of local business segment, travelers are coming on the wish of hiking up Mt Batur for the sunrise, and they are not staying longer than two nights here. After hiking up Mt Batur, they mostly to visit other places instead of staying; this might be caused of lack described article of tourist activity.
Since decades tourism is growing very slow and tends to get less and less each period. Lack experience services in tourist business providers contribute decreasing traveler’s visit. Service overcharge by tour dealers also contribute negative image slowly due to perform their manner. Travelers who want to hike up the volcano should find the eclipsed dealing mechanism on the tour arrangement due to avoid cost overcharge and not to confuse in finding real services.
East Batur Caldera has several tourist attractions which is preserving by kelompok sadar wisata (Tourism recognition Community) under Ministry: Forestry, Tourism and Natural Ecosystems.
Br. Bubung Gede Alengkong-Bukit Sari Desa Songan Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli Bali: We are locating on the east of the Batur caldera which has long ranges of mountains surrounding, we have several attraction activities such as mentioned bellow:
1. Camping arrangements from our community Rp 400K/night ( to join the night camping you need a minimum of one night)
2. Sunrise Trekking arrangement with our local guides Rp 100K/hour (for the caldera trekking you need a minimum of one hour)
3. Entrance Donation
