13/05/2019
14th May 2019 marks the 850th anniversary of the death of William Marshal. Widely known as the ‘Greatest Knight who ever lived’, William Marshal has been portrayed, one might even say mythologised, as a whiter than white saintly paragon of chivalric virtue. There is no doubt that he was a remarkable man but perhaps one should allow him to have been human, and remember that he was a man of his time; a warrior, courtier and statesman at the heart of the volatile Plantagenet court. Crouch notes that ‘he participated in plots and scenes that were distinctly unsavoury’ (William Marshal p. 42). He was with Henry the Young King when he raided the shrine at Rocamadour (Asbridge, The Greatest Knight, p.156) and it is possible that he was involved in the raid led by Guy de Lusignan against Bedouin nomads at Darum in October 1184, (Asbridge p.167).
Paragon of virtue, flower of chivalry, or not, there is no doubt that William Marshal was of enormous importance to Kilkenny and the Lordship of Leinster. Richard I, granted Marshal, the hand of Isabel de Clare, the lady of Striguil, (Chepstow), daughter of Strongbow and heiress to Leinster and Pembroke, as well as rights to Caversham, Long Crendon, and Longueville in Normandy.
Building on the work of Strongbow and the early colonists he developed Kilkenny into his caput with the general layout of the town remaining broadly the same as it is today. His foundation of the port of New Ross was key to the success of Kilkenny, being situated at the meeting point of the rivers Barrow and Nore, the port facilitated the import and export of commodities directly to and from Kilkenny. He built the stone quadrangle castle, and in a deal with Hugh le Rous, Bishop of Ossory, he acquired the land between James’ Street and the Breagagh river, thus extending his town. In 1207 he issued a charter confirming the burgesses of Kilkenny in their freedoms and valuable privileges which protected them and empowered them, including fixing their rent, confirming exemptions from taxes such as pontage and murage, allowing them to institute and control their own hundred court, and dispose of their offspring in marriage alliances without interference from their lord. He endowed the Augustinian foundation of St. John’s Abbey, known as the Lantern of Ireland for the five sets of triple lancet windows, which when lit with candlelight must have glowed like a lantern. As a result of William Marshal’s strategic planning coinciding with a wider European economic boom, Kilkenny and the Lordship of Leinster thrived. William Marshal died aged 72, at Caversham, on May 14th 1219, and having taken his final vows as a Templar Knight was taken to London and buried at the Temple Church.