06/08/2022
by Indio Historian
This day in 1944 and 2009, two Presidents died respectively—Pres. Manuel L. Quezon, while in exile in Saranac Lake, New York, and Pres. Corazon C. Aquino, in Makati City. The former died while in office; the latter, after her term.
With the Japanese invasion of the Philippines and the entire Southeast Asia in December 1941, Quezon and select members of his Cabinet moved the seat of government to Corregidor. After months, knowing imminent defeat, they were urged to escape. They left in March 1942.
Quezon established the Commonwealth government-in-exile in Washington, D.C. while campaigning for the U.S. reprioritization of the liberation of the Philippines under the Japanese. While doing so, his tuberculosis worsened. The U.S. Joint Resolution 95 extended his term.
in 1944, never seeing his country liberated, Quezon passed away at a "cure cottage" in Saranac Lake. His Vice President, Sergio Osmeña assumed the presidency of the Philippine Commonwealth.
Meanwhile, Corazon Aquino was swept to power by the EDSA People Power Revolution in February 1986 that toppled the Marcos dictatorship. On February 25, 1986, she was sworn in as President of the Philippines at 10:46 am.
Her administration was challenged by several coup attempts, and other issues such as unrest from unfulfilled agrarian reform. With the Mendiola Massacre in January 22, 1987, her head of Presidential Committee on Human Rights, Jose W. Diokno, resigned in disappointment.
Nevertheless, her administration is credited for instituting a new Constitution that strengthened safeguards on Filipino civil rights (1987 Constitution), initiating autonomy for Cordillera and the Moros, and ensuring peaceful transition to the next president.
Seventeen years after her term, opposing certain moves of her successors, while having been the figurehead of democracy in the Philippines, Cory Aquino died after a long struggle with cancer in 2009 in Makati Medical Center. The country went into national mourning for ten days.
Photos:
- Quezon funeral at St. Matthews Cathedral, Rhode Island, from Presidential Museum & Library
- Aquino funeral procession, from Philippine Star
- Quezon with Major Emigdio Cruz, Miami, Florida, from PhilippineDiaryProject.com
- Aquino sworn in as Philippine President, from Presidential Museum & Library