07/03/2024
The Iberian Peninsula has witnessed the flow of numerous cultures that have left an indelible mark on its landscapes and people. In what concerns the territory that is now Portugal, the intricate human occupation of Indigenous peoples, generally designated as Iberians, the Phoenician presence, the Celtic-Iberians, the Romans, the Barbarian tribes and, later on, the Muslim occupation, have shaped the future Portuguese identity in profound ways.
The Iberians laid the foundation for a diverse cultural mosaic. The Phoenicians, with their seafaring prowess, brought trade and commerce to the coastal regions, introducing new ingredients and flavors to the local cuisine. Celtic-Iberians, with their unique customs, added another layer to the cultural amalgamation.
The Roman era marked a significant chapter in Iberian history, bringing not only political and infrastructural changes but also a culinary transformation. The Romans introduced new farming techniques, cultivated vineyards, and left a long lasting legacy in the form of roads and aqueducts.
As the Roman Empire waned, Barbarian tribes, such as the Visigoths and Suebi, swept across the region, leaving their own imprint on the cultural mosaic. However, their influence was ephemeral compared to the transformative impact of the Moors, who arrived in the 8th century. The Muslim rule brought advanced irrigation systems, new crops, and a sophisticated culinary culture. The use of spices, almonds, and citrus fruits became integral to Iberian cuisine during this period.
The Christian Reconquest resulted in a dynamic interplay between Christian and Muslim cultures. This cultural intermingling extended to the culinary realm, where techniques and ingredients from both traditions merged to create a uniquely Iberian gastronomy.
The Portuguese Discoveries in the 15th and 16th centuries expanded the horizons of Iberian culture and cuisine. The maritime exploration brought back exotic spices, fruits, and ingredients from distant lands, further diversifying, and expanding the flavours of Portuguese cuisine.
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