25/04/2024
Before the 25th of April, women were treated as inferior to men. They ruled the house, they ruled the world. Rights were so limited that it was only possible to leave the country with the husband's permission. The model educated Salazar's country.
Being the other s*x, being in the background, or even third, having a role defined by the dominant, always obeying and always allowing oneself to be violated. The booklet is long and passed from mothers to daughters, in a disciplined and emasculating inheritance. In the history of women there is inequality, discrimination and a lot of violence. Liberation, the fight for the same human rights as man, is hard and long and, even today, it does not reach every home or every mentality. Much less when there is an ideology that feeds and encourages the oppression of machismo. That was what happened in Portugal, for 48 years.
In the country of the Estado Novo, women existed to be the loving mother, the devoted wife, a true fairy of the home. Since she was little, she was trained to be like this, submissive to the patriarchal power of her father, her brother and, later, her husband. The only future he could hope for was to make a good marriage that would guarantee the sustenance of the family, which, whatever the cost, had to remain united, stable and strong; a metaphor for the regime itself. Oliveira Salazar did not allow the social order to be questioned, all signs of feminism were being silenced. Until the day mentalities began to evolve. Industrialization took women out of the home, but the truth is that a work contract was worth less than a marriage contract.
In the current ideology, women's rights were almost none. I couldn't vote. I couldn't be a judge, diplomat, military or police officer. To work in commerce, leave the country, open a bank account or take contraceptives, a woman was obliged to ask her husband for permission. And he earned almost half the salary paid to men. These and other laws were torn up on April 25th, when, a year after the revolution, women's rights were enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic.
Before April 25, a woman could be repudiated by her husband if she were not a virgin.
Before April 25, the penal code allowed the husband to kill his wife in the act of adultery, suffering only a six-month banishment.
Before April 25, women had no access to the careers of magistracy, diplomacy, military and police.
Before April 25, only 19% of women worked outside the home.
Before April 25th, the woman could not travel abroad without her husband's authorization.
Before April 25, if the woman took contraceptives against her husband's will, the husband could invoke the fact to support the request for divorce or legal separation.
Before the 25th of April, Catholic marriage was indissoluble (couples could not divorce).
Before April 25, about 43% of births took place at home.
Before April 25, nurses and fly attendants were prohibited from getting married.
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