05/02/2024
Abu Simbel (6):
Between the two sets of colossal statues outside the Great Temple at Abu Simbel stands a statue of the god Re-Horakhty—to whom the temple is principally dedicated—flanked by a relief of Rameses II on either side.
Re-Horakhty ('Re-flying-high-within-the-horizons') was a falcon-headed combination of the sun god Re and the god Horus (the son of Isis and Osiris) from whom all the kings of Egypt were believed to be descended. Re-Horakhty was essentially the midday representation of Re, when the sun god was at his most powerful in his daily journey across the sky.
In his right hand, Re-Horakhty holds the jackal headed sign for power ('user'), and, in his left, the figure of the goddess of truth, justice and cosmic order, Maat. The ancient Egyptians were fond of word puzzles and this one spells out the first part of the name that Rameses II took when he became king, User-maat-Re ('the justice of Re is powerful' (in full 'Usermaatre-Setpenre'—adding 'chose of Re')).
The principal duty of an Egyptian king was to maintain cosmic order ('maat') in the face of chaos, not least by making offerings to the gods and, here, either side of Re-Horakhty, Rameses II offers an image of Maat to the central figure.
Yet his offering is not only to the central figure in that Rameses—who was certainly no retiring wallflower—is also effectively making the offering to his own name.
The theme of Rameses II's divine ambitions will be explored further as we enter the interior of the Great Temple next Friday.
(Photo: mine; If you are enjoying my posts about Abu Simbel, please consider purchasing my book 'Abu Simbel and the Nubian Temples'.)