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Root, Mustapha Orhan Sokak, Istanbul (2025)

03/09/2024

From the 15th century to the 19th century (and possibly even earlier), the Akan people dominated gold mining and trading in the region; from the 17th century on, they were among the most powerful groups in Africa.
The Akan goldfields, according to Peter Bakewell, were the “highly auriferous area in the forest country between the Komoe and Volta rivers. “The Akan goldfield was one of the three principle goldfields in the region, along with the Bambuk goldfield, and the Bure goldfield.
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Wilks, Ivor (1997). “Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries”. In Bakewell, Peter (ed.). Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas. Aldershot: Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 4.

03/09/2024

Dancing and singing, including praise-singing, are prominent in Swazi culture. Pottery and carving were minor arts. Swazi marriage is called umtsimba, it is usually on a weekend in dry season (June to August). Bride and her relatives go to groom’s homestead on Friday evening. On Saturday morning, the bridal sit by nearby river, eat goat or cow meat offered by groom’s family; in the afternoon, they dance in the groom’s homestead.
On Sunday morning, the bride, with her female relatives, stabs ground with a spear in man’s cattle kraal, later she is smeared with red ochre. The smearing is the high point of marriage: no woman can be smeared twice. Bride presents gifts to husband and his relatives Umhlanga is one of the well known cultural events in Eswatini held in August/September for young unmarried girls to pay homage to the Ndlovukati. Icwala is another Swazi cultural events held in December/January depending on the phases of the moon. This ceremony also known as the “First Fruits” ceremony marks the King’s tasting of the new harvest.
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“CULTURAL RESOURCES: Swazi Culture. The Incwala or Kingship Ceremony”. Sntc.org.sz.

26/08/2024

Interviews with executives in Madagascar’s mica industry showed that the prevalence of child labor is well known but largely dismissed as a byproduct of extreme poverty. NBC news witnessed scores of children working in unregulated and poorly-ventilated mica pits, as well as processing centers, alongside other family members. A review of hundreds of shipping records revealed how the vast majority of mica mined in Madagascar flows to China and ends up in component parts in American products, such as hair dryers, audio speakers and batteries.
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https://www.nbcbews.com/news/all/army-children-toil-african-mica-mines-n1082916

26/08/2024

DASSENECH AGE PASSAGE - ETHIOPIA “an elder’s ceremonial attire includes an ostrich feather hat and a cloak of leopard skin, both highly valued and often passed down through the family. If a man has kill a dangerous animal or an enemy during a cattle raid, his chest is scarified in vertical lines to reveal his bravery.” 📕This image is from a book 📕
“African Twilight: The Vanishing Rituals and Ceremonies of the African Continent”
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Photo by

18/08/2024

This little boy is taking his first steps with the help of family in South Sudan. ?! Drop comments below!

15/08/2024

The Nuba people are primarily farmers, as well as herders who keep cattle, chickens, and other domestic animals. They often maintain three different farms: a garden where vegetables need constant attention, such as. onions, peppers and beans, are grown; fields further up the hills where quick growing crops such as red millet can be cultivated without irrigation; and farms farther away, where white millet and other crops are planted. A distinctive characteristic of the Nuba is their passion for athletic competition, particularly traditional wrestling. The strongest young men of a community compete with athletes from other villages for the chance to promote their personal and their village’s pride and strength. In some villages, older men participate in club - or spear-fighting contests.
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Stevenson, R.C., The Nuba People of Kordofan Province. University of Khartoum, 1984.

15/08/2024

The Hamar are known for their unique custom of “bull jumping”, which initiates a boy into manhood. First, female relatives dance and invite whipping from men who have recently been initiated; this shows their support of the initiate, and their scars give them a say on who they marry.
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Photo by trevcole
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09/08/2024

The Zulu people govern under a patriarchal society. Men are percieved as the head of the household and seen as authoritative figures. Zulu men identify themselves with great pride and dignity. They also compared themselves to qualities of powerful wild animals such as, bulls, lions and elephants. The men contribute to society by acting as defenders, hunters, and lovers. The Zulu men are also in charge of herding the cattle, educating themselves on the lives of disciplined warriors, creating weapons, and learning the art of stick fighting. •
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Photo by Steven Goethals
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Derwent, Sue (1998). Zulu. Cape Town, South Africa:
Struik Publishers. pp. 103-109.

09/08/2024

Most Yoruba myths of origin can be found in the divination narratives knows at Odu Ifa. There are approximately 256 Odu Ifa, each of which contains a number of poem called ese Ifa. A typical ese Ifa is a narrative about a person or animal with a problem and the steps to resolve that problem. An ese Ifa explains the origins of Gelede as beginning with Yemoja, “The mother of all the orisa and all living things.” Yemoja could not have children and consulted an Ifa oracle, who adviced her to offer sacrifices and to dance with wooden images on her head and metal ankles on her feet. After performing this ritual, she became pregnant. Her first child was a boy, nicknamed “Efe” (the humorist); the Efe mask emphasizes song and jests because of the personality of its namesake. Yemoja’s second child was a girl, nicknamed “Gelede” because she was obese like her mother. Also like her mother, Gelede love dancing.
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After getting married themselves, neither Gelede or Efe’s partner could have children. The Ifa oracle suggested that they try the same ritual that had worked for their mother. No sooner than Efe and Gelede performed these rituals dancing with wooden images on their heads and metal anklets on their feet they started having children. These ritual developed into the Gelede masked dance and was perpetuated by the descendants of Efe and Gelede.
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Photo by Steven Goethals
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Lawal, Babatunde (1996). The Gèlèdé spectacle : art, gender, and social harmony in an African Culture.
Seattle: University of Washington press.

13/02/2024

According to their oral history, the Maasai originated from the lower Nile valley north of Lake Turkana (Northwest Kenya) and began migrating south around the 15th century, arriving in a long trunk of land stretching from what is now northern Kenya to what is now central Tanzania between the 17th and late 18th century. Many ethnic groups that had already formed settlements in the region were forcibly displaced by the incoming Maasai society. The Nilotic ancestors of the Kalenjin likewise absorbed some early Cush*tic populations.
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Maasai Warriors | . Dated 1969. S., Nairobi.
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International Labor Office, Traditional occupations of Indigenous and tribal peoples: emerging trends, (International Labor Organization: 2000), p.55.

13/02/2024

Cattle have historically been of the highest symbolic, religious and economic value to the Nuer. Sharon Hutchinson writes that “among Nuer people the difference between people and cattle was continually underplayed.” Cattle are particularly important in their role as bride wealth, where they are given by a husband’s lineage. The classical Nuer institution of ghost marriage, in which a man can “father” children after his death, is based on the definition of relations of kinship and descent by cattle exchange. In their turn, cattle given over to the wife’s patrilineage enables the male children of that patrilineage to marry and thereby ensure the continuity of her patrilineage.
An infertile woman can even take a wife of her own, whose children, biologically fathered by men from other unions, then become members of her patrilineage, and she is legally and culturally their father, allow her to metaphorically participate in reproduction.
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Photographer ©️Ngari Norway
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Hutchinson, Sharon (1992). “The Cattle of Money and the Cattle of Girls among the Nuer, 1930-83”. American Ethnologist. 19 (2): 294-316.

27/01/2024

It takes its root from the wrestling tradition of the Serer people - formally a preparatory exercise for war among the warrior classes depending on the technique. In Serer people, wrestling is divided into different techniques with mbapate being one of them. It was also an initiation rite among the Serers, the word Njom derives from the Serer principle of Jom (from the religion), meaning heart or honor in the Serer language. The Jom principle covers a huge range of values and beliefs including economic, ecological, personal and social values. Wrestling stems from the branch of personal values of the Jom principle. One of the oldest known and recorded wrestlers in Senegambia was Boukar Djilak Faye (a Serer) who lived in the 14th century in the Kingdom of Sine. He was the ancestor of the Faye Paternal Dynasty of Sine and Saloum (both Kingdoms in present-day Senegal).
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Tang, Patricia, Masters of the sabar: Wolof griot percussionists of Senegal, p144. Temple University Press, 2007.

27/01/2024

In traditional Yoruba societies, every child is born into a patrilineal clan called idile baba in Yoruba language. The clan share clan names (orile), oriki (poetry), taboos (eewo), and facial marks (ila). The facial marks on the child full clan membership rights. The children with facial marks are called Okola. Families or individuals lacking the normal features consistent with the tribe are not considered as acquiring full standing as agents in Yoruba society. They would also lack the capacity for meaningful behavior, such as greeting, stating and commanding. Each tribe of the Yoruba ethnic group had different inscription patterns which appears in different sizes and shapes at different locations within the face or body. The location and position of the mark’s inscription depends on the tribe and culture. The tribal marks could be inscribed on the breast, arm, lap or buttocks, but they are usually on the face.
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Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R. (2004). Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology. 1 (cultures). Springer Science & Business Media.

27/01/2024

Dancing and singing, including praise-singing, are prominent in Swazi culture. Pottery and carving were minor arts. Swazi marriage is called umtsimba, it is usually on a weekend in dry season (June to August). Bride and her relatives go to groom’s homestead on Friday evening. On Saturday morning, the bridal party sit by nearby river, eat goat or cow meat offered by groom’s family; in the afternoon, they dance in the groom’s homestead. On Sunday morning, the bride, with her female relatives, stabs ground with a spear in man’s cattle kraal, later she is smeared with red ochre. The smearing is the high point of marriage: no woman can be smeared twice. Bride presents gifts to husband and his relatives Umhlanga is one of the well known cultural events in Eswatini held in August/September for young unmarried girls to pay homage to the Ndlovukati: Incwala is another Swazi cultural event held in December/January depending on the phases of the moon. This ceremony, also known as the “First Fruits” ceremony marks the Kings tasting of the new harvest.
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“Cultural Resources: Swazi Culture the Incwala of Kingship Ceremony”. Sntc.org.sz.

Root

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