10/13/2021
Information about “ Inspected, Admitted or Parole” and evidences to be eligible for Adjustmentof Status under INA 245(a)
1. Inspection
Authority
Per delegation by the Secretary of Homeland Security, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has jurisdiction over and exclusive inspection authority at ports-of-entry.[10]
Definition and Scope
Inspection is the formal process of determining whether a noncitizen may lawfully enter the United States. Immigration laws as early as 1875 specified that inspection must occur prior to a noncitizen’s landing in or entering the United States and that prohibited noncitizens were to be returned to the country from which they came at no cost or penalty to the conveyor or vessel.[11] Inspections for air, sea, and land arrivals are now codified in the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), including criminal penalties for illegal entry.[12]
To lawfully enter the United States, a noncitizen must apply and present himself or herself in person to an immigration officer at a U.S. port of entry when the port is open for inspection.[13] A noncitizen who arrives at a port of entry and presents himself or herself for inspection is an applicant for admission. Through the inspection process, an immigration officer determines whether the noncitizen is admissible and may enter the United States under all the applicable provisions of immigration laws.
As part of the inspection, the noncitizen must:
Present any and all required documentation, including fingerprints, photographs, other biometric identifiers, documentation of status in the United States, and any other requested evidence to determine the noncitizen’s identity and admissibility; and
Establish that he or she is not subject to removal under immigration laws, Executive Orders, or Presidential Proclamations.[14]
In general, if the noncitizen presents himself or herself for questioning in person, the inspection requirement is met.[15] Nonetheless, if the noncitizen enters the United States by falsely claiming U.S. citizenship, the noncitizen is not considered to have been inspected by an immigration officer. In addition, the entry is not considered an admission for immigration purposes.[16]
Inspection Outcomes
Upon inspection, the officer at the port of entry typically decides one of the following outcomes for the noncitizen:
The officer admits them;
The officer paroles them;
The officer allows them to withdraw his or her application for admission and depart immediately from the United States;[17]
The officer denies them admission into the United States; or
The officer defers the inspection to a later time at either the same or another CBP office or a port of entry.[18]
2. Admission[19]
A noncitizen is admitted if the following conditions are met: [20]
The noncitizen applied for admission as an “alien” at a port of entry; and
An immigration officer inspected the applicant for admission as an “alien” and authorized him or her to enter the United States in accordance with the procedures for admission.[21]
A noncitizen who meets these two requirements is admitted, even if the person obtained the admission by fraud.[22] Likewise, the noncitizen is admitted, even if the CBP officer performed a cursory inspection.
As long as the noncitizen meets the procedural requirements for admission, the noncitizen meets the inspected and admitted requirement for adjustment of status.[23] Any type of admission can meet the inspected and admitted requirement, which includes, but is not limited to, admission as a nonimmigrant, an immigrant, or a refugee.
Notwithstanding, if the noncitizen makes a false claim to U.S. citizenship or to U.S. nationality at the port of entry and an immigration officer permits the noncitizen to enter the United States, the noncitizen has not been admitted.[24] A U.S. citizen arriving at a port of entry is not subject to inspection; therefore, a noncitizen who makes a false claim to U.S. citizenship is considered to have entered without inspection.[25]
Similarly, a noncitizen who entered the United States after falsely claiming to be a returning LPR is not considered to have been procedurally inspected and admitted because a returning LPR generally is not an applicant for admission.[26] An LPR returning from a temporary trip abroad would only be considered to be seeking admission or readmission to the United States if any of the following factors applies:
The LPR has abandoned or relinquished his or her LPR status;
The LPR has been absent from the United States for a continuous period in excess of 180 days;
The LPR has engaged in illegal activity after having departed the United States;
The LPR has departed from the United States while under legal process seeking his or her removal from the United States, including removal proceedings under the INA and extradition proceedings;
The LPR has committed an offense described in the criminal-related inadmissibility grounds, unless the LPR has been granted relief for the offense;[27] or
The LPR is attempting to enter at a time or place other than as designated by immigration officers or has not been admitted to the United States after inspection and authorization by an immigration officer.[28]
Evidence of Admission
An Arrival/Departure Record (Form I-94), including a replacement[29] when appropriate, is the most common document evidencing a noncitizen’s admission.[30] The following are other types of documentation that may be accepted as proof of admission into the United States:
Admission stamp in passport, which may be verified using DHS systems;
Employment Authorization Card (Form I-688A), for special agricultural worker applicants, provided it was valid during the last claimed date of entry on the adjustment application;
Temporary Resident Card (Form I-688), for special agricultural workers or legalization applicants granted temporary residence, provided it was valid during the last claimed date of entry on the adjustment application; and
Border Crossing Card (Form I-586 or Form DSP-150[31]), provided it was valid on the date of last claimed entry.
When inspected and admitted to the United States, the following nonimmigrants are exempt from the issuance of an Arrival/Departure Record:[32]
A Canadian citizen admitted as a visitor for business, visitor for pleasure, or who was permitted to directly transit through the United States;
A nonimmigrant residing in the British Virgin Islands who was admitted only to the United States Virgin Islands as a visitor for business or pleasure;[33]
A Mexican national admitted with a B-1/B-2 Visa and Border Crossing Card (Form DSP-150) at a land or sea port of entry as a visitor for business or pleasure for a period of 30 days to travel within 25 miles of the border; and
A Mexican national in possession of a Mexican diplomatic or official passport.[34]
In these situations, an applicant should submit alternate evidence to prove his or her inspection and admission to the United States. This may include a Border Crossing Card, plane tickets evidencing travel to the United States, or other corroborating evidence.
3. Parole
Authority
The Secretary of Homeland Security delegated parole authority to USCIS, CBP, and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).[35]
Definition and Scope
A noncitizen is paroled if the following conditions are met:
They are seeking admission to the United States at a port of entry; and
An immigration officer inspected them as an “alien” and permitted them to enter the United States without determining whether they may be admitted into the United States.[36]
A grant of parole is a temporary and discretionary act exercised on a case-by-case basis. Parole, by definition, is not an admission.[37]
Paroled for Deferred Inspection[38]
On occasion, CBP grants deferred inspection to arriving aliens found inadmissible during a preliminary inspection at a port of entry. Deferred inspection is generally granted only after CBP:
Verifies the person’s identity and nationality;
Determines that the person would likely be able to overcome the identified inadmissibility by obtaining a waiver or additional evidence; and
Determines that the person does not present a national security risk to the United States.
The decision to defer inspection is at the CBP officer’s discretion.
If granted deferred inspection, CBP paroles the person into the United States and defers completion of the inspection to a later time. A person paroled for a deferred inspection typically reports for completion of inspection within 30 days of the deferral[39] to a CBP office with jurisdiction over the area where the person will be staying or residing in the United States.[40]
The grant of parole for a deferred inspection satisfies the “inspected and paroled” requirement for purposes of adjustment eligibility.[41]
Urgent Humanitarian Reasons or Significant Public Benefit
DHS may parole a noncitizen based on urgent humanitarian or significant public benefit reasons.[42] DHS may grant urgent humanitarian or significant public benefit parole only on a case-by-case basis.[43] Any type of urgent humanitarian, significant public benefit, or deferred inspection-directed parole meets the “paroled into the United States” requirement.[44]
Parole in Place: Parole of Certain Noncitizens Present Without Admission or Parole
A noncitizen who is present in the United States without inspection and admission or inspection and parole is an applicant for admission.[45] DHS can exercise its discretion to parole such a person into the United States.[46] In general, USCIS grants parole in place only sparingly.
The fact that a person is a spouse, child, or parent of an active duty member of the U.S. armed forces, a member in the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve, or someone who previously served in the U.S. armed forces or the Selected Reserve of the Ready Reserve ordinarily weighs heavily in favor of parole in place. Absent a criminal conviction or other serious adverse factors, parole in place would generally be an appropriate exercise of discretion for such a person.
If DHS grants parole before a person files an adjustment application, the applicant meets the “inspected and paroled” requirement for adjustment. Parole in place does not permit approval of an adjustment application that was filed before the grant of parole.[47]
Parole in place does not relieve the applicant of the need to meet all other eligibility requirements for adjustment of status and the favorable exercise of discretion.[48] For example, except for immediate relatives and certain other immigrants, an applicant must have continuously maintained a lawful status since entry into the United States.[49]