10/09/2024
Comet Observing
Focus on Observing Programs Jim Kvasnicka – Prairie Astronomy Club Observing Chair
Comet Observing Program from the ASTRONOMICAL LEAGUE
To some astronomers, there are no more wondrous and beautiful objects in the heavens as comets. Since the invention of the telescope, astronomers have searched the skies for these mysterious visitors. Comets are invisible – except when they are near the sun. As they approach it, they become active and exhibit several distinct features:
• Nucleus: About 10 km in diameter and relatively solid and stable. Composed mostly of ice and gas with a small amount of carboneous and silicate dust.
• Coma: Up to 80,000 km wide dense cloud composed of water, carbon dioxide, and other gases sublimed from the nucleus.
• Dust tail: Up to 10 million km long. Composed of dust particles driven off the nucleus by escaping gases.
• Ion tail: As much as a few hundred million kilometers in length. Composed of ionized gas and laced with rays and streamers caused by interactions with the solar wind.
As of February 2024, 4571 comets have been cataloged and their orbits at least roughly calculated. Of these, 471 are periodic comets (with orbital periods between 3.2 and 366 years). Some of the remainder are no doubt periodic as well, but their orbits have not been determined with sufficient accuracy to tell for sure.
Comets are sometimes called "dirty snowballs". They are a mixture of ices (both water and frozen gases) and silicate dust that wasn't incorporated into planets when the solar system formed. This makes them very interesting as samples of the early history of the solar system.
The Comet Observing Program has two levels of recognition:
Silver level: Observe at least 12 different comets. Two of them can have been observed prior to January 1, 2001.
Gold level: Observe at least 18 additional comets. Two of them can have been observed prior to January 1, 2001.
Your observations should include the standard information: Your name, date & time, comet name, telescope aperture, observing location, observing notes, and a sketch or image of the comet.
For complete details of Comet Observing Program from the Astronomical League:
https://www.astroleague.org/comet-observing-program/