01/22/2020
These days, around 70% of women get epidurals when they're in labor, and that number has been increasing steadily for years. But do women really know what is in the epidural...or the potential risks they face?
Regardless of what any woman chooses, she deserves full, complete informed choice.
Most epidurals are a combination of two drugs: bupivacaine and fentanyl. The medication does cross the placenta and get to the baby, but the effects on babies aren't well-studied. Some old studies show that babies were a bit irritable or "difficult" in the first few days after birth, and that this affected bonding and maternal perception of motherhood, but there aren't more recent studies to confirm or deny this.
Maternal risks are more clear. There's an increased risk of both instrument-assisted delivery and caesarean delivery. Plus, many women develop fevers, low blood pressure, dizziness, nausea, and may have slightly longer labors. Babies are more likely to be malpositioned.
Of course, in some cases, moms can get exhausted or tense from pain, and an epidural might be what allows them to keep laboring and deliver successfully.
There are different blends of pain medications and different amounts given, and lower levels of pain medications -- sometimes referred to as "walking epidurals" -- seem to have fewer risks for mom with good outcomes for mom and baby.
If you are considering an epidural, ask questions about what kind of medication you would be given, the dose, and how much control you would have over it. Explore non-drug options as well.
Sources:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25040829
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4718011/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279567/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3417963/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106379/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25126704
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4921713/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7238154
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4335561/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5136389/