
02/06/2025
Celebrating Black History Month
Matthew Henson
Matthew Henson was one of the first great Black pioneers of travel – and the first man to stand on top of the world, planting the first US flag at the North Pole in 1909. Henson first began travelling in 1878, aged 12, when he worked as a cabin boy on Katie Hines, a merchant ship sailing to ports in China, Japan, Africa, and the Russian Arctic seas. In 1887, Commander Robert E. Peary recruited Henson for his expedition to Nicaragua. After Nicaragua Henson joined Peary again, for an expedition to Greenland. While there, Henson embraced the local Eskimo culture, learning the language and the natives' Arctic survival skills over the course of the next year. Peary was impressed by Henson’s skills and asked him to travel on his future expeditions, including the North Pole expedition from 1908-1909. When Peary was overcome by frostbite or exhaustion and could not leave his dogsled, Henson forged ahead in the cold with a few Inuit expeditioners and planted the very first flag at the North Pole. Triumphant when they returned, Peary received many accolades for his accomplishment, but — an unfortunate sign of the times — as an African American, Henson was largely overlooked.
Henson spent the next three decades working as a clerk in a New York federal customs house, but he never forgot his life as an explorer. He recorded his Arctic memoirs in 1912, in the book A Negro Explorer at the North Pole. In 1937, a 70-year-old Henson finally received the acknowledgment he deserved: The highly regarded Explorers Club in New York accepted him as an honorary member. In 1944 he and the other members of the expedition were awarded a Congressional Medal. He worked with Bradley Robinson to write his biography, Dark Companion, which was published in 1947.
Henson passed away at 88 years old in the Bronx. His wife Lucy passed away 13 years later and was laid to rest beside him at Woodlawn Cemetery in New York. In 1988 their remains were moved for interment at Arlington National Cemetery.