African History, Culture & Civilization

08/06/2024

African races

28/05/2024

AFRICA 🌍

Africa is a continent rich in history, culture, and diversity. From the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Ethiopia to the colonial era and struggles for independence, Africa's history is a tapestry of triumphs, challenges, and resilience.

The history of Africa dates back thousands of years, with evidence of early human ancestors found in regions such as the Great Rift Valley. Ancient civilizations like the Kingdom of Kush, the Mali Empire, and the Kingdom of Aksum flourished, leaving behind impressive architectural wonders and cultural legacies that continue to inspire awe today.

The continent's history was forever changed with the arrival of European colonizers in the 15th century. The scramble for Africa led to the exploitation of its resources, the imposition of colonial rule, and the devastating effects of the transatlantic slave trade. Despite these challenges, African nations fought for independence in the 20th century, leading to the birth of new nations and the struggle for self-determination.

Today, Africa is a continent on the rise, with a vibrant cultural scene, economic growth, and a young population driving innovation and change. As the cradle of humanity, Africa's history is a testament to the resilience and strength of its people, and a reminder of the rich tapestry of cultures and traditions that make the continent a truly unique and diverse place.

05/05/2024

01/06/2023

Europeans exaggerated stories of human sacrifice in Benin and Dahomey to justify colonialism. The other reality is that the practice of human sacrifice in these societies emerged in relation to the devastating social impact of the slave trade. Mary Kingsley noted that early European travelers in Benin made no mention of the practice of human sacrifice and that this practiced seemed to increase in later years. In Dahomey, the tradition began under the rule of Agaja. The tradition was used to punish and instill fear in Dahomey's enemies.

We have to understand the slave trade fundamentally transformed the political and social life in West Africa. It gave rise to highly militarized societies. This militarization was necessary in order for states to protect themselves against the ravages of the slave trade. John Atkins wrote that in the part of West Africa that he was in that the inhabitants “never care to walk even a mile from home without firearms,” which demonstrated what life was like in West Africa at the time.

13/01/2023

THE FACE OF SARAH BAARTMAN

The story of Sarah Baartman of South Africa who had an unusual long backside.

Sarah Baartman, also known as Saartjie Baartman, was a xhosa woman who was born in South Africa in the late 1789. She is famous for being exhibited as a freak show attraction in Europe in the early 18th century because of her large buttocks, which were considered unusual and exotic at the time.

Baartman was born in the Gamtoos Valley, in what is now the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. She was a member of the Khoikhoi, a group of indigenous people who lived in the region. As a young woman, Baartman was taken from her home by a British ship's doctor, William Dunlop, who promised her work as a servant in Cape Town. However, instead of being employed as a servant, Baartman was taken to England and exhibited as a sideshow attraction under the name "Hottentot Venus."

Baartman's large buttocks and elongated l***a were considered unusual and exotic, and she was put on display in London and Paris, where people paid to gawk at her. She was also made to perform various tricks, such as dancing and singing, for the entertainment of spectators. Baartman was treated poorly during this time and was not paid for her performances.

Baartman died of siphilys in 1815 at the age of 26. She was sexually assaulted multiple times and her captors paid in exchange to experience ssehura also know by stage name The Hottentot venus , and her remains were dissected and put on display in a museum in Paris. In 2002, the South African government successfully campaigned for the return of Baartman's remains to South Africa, and she was finally laid to rest in 2002.

Baartman's story is a tragic one and serves as a reminder of the exploitation and mistreatment of people of color throughout history may she rest in eternal peace.

13/10/2022

🇳🇪 At the Gerewol Festival, a unique, authentic attraction in the Niger desert, young single men dance all day, in hellish temperatures. The purpose is to appeal to women who have come from all over to find their man here.

Each small nomadic group of the Wodaabe Fula tribe chooses women among themselves to bring to the festival and who will be able to choose their future partner there.

The dances take place throughout the entire two weeks, and after each ceremony, two women approach, who can choose their tall man with the whitest teeth and temples.

01/08/2022

A 16th century painting showing the skinning alive of a corrupt judge, Sisamnes, in the year 500BC.
Sisamnes was a corrupt royal judge at the time of Cambyses ll in Persia.

It was discovered that he took a bribe in court and passed an unfair judgement. As a consequence the king ordered that he be arrested for his corruption and ordered that he be skinned alive. Before passing judgement the king asked Sisamnes who he wished to nominate as his successor. Sisamnes, in his greed, chose his son, Otanes.

The king agreed and appointed Otanes to replace his father. He subsequently passed judgement and ordered that Sisamnes removed skin should be used to upholster the seat on which the new judge would sit in court to remind him of the potential consequences of corruption.

Otanes, in his deliberations, was forced to always remember that he was always sitting on the skin of his executed father. This helped to ensure fairness and equity in all his hearings, deliberations and sentences.

30/06/2022

The Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO) was formed in Tanzania from the merger of three organizations on June 25, 1962. Led by Eduardo Mondlane and Samaora Machel (pictured), FRELIMO would fight a 12 year long guerrilla war to win independence from Portugal.

26/06/2022

21 Most Famous and Powerful kingdoms/Empires in the History of Africa.

1) The Songhai Empire (1401-1600) - Niger 🇳🇪, Mali 🇲🇱, Mauritania 🇲🇷, Senegal 🇸🇳, Nigeria🇳🇬, Guinea 🇬🇳, The Gambia🇬🇲, Algeria (south) 🇩🇿, Burkina-Faso🇧🇫, and Ivory Coast 🇨🇮, Chad 🇹🇩

2) The Kingdom of Egypt - Egypt 🇪🇬

3) The Aksumite( Axum) Empire(100-940 CE) - Ethiopia/Eritrea 🇪🇹/🇪🇷

4) The Mali Empire (1235 to 1670)- Mali 🇲🇱, Senegal 🇸🇳, Burkina Faso 🇧🇫, Niger 🇳🇪, Guinea 🇬🇳, The Gambia 🇬🇲, Guinea-Bissau 🇬🇼, Ghana 🇬🇭

5) The Great Benin Empire(1440-1897) - Nigeria 🇳🇬

6) The Empire of Ghana( Wagadu 601 - 1240) - Mauritania 🇲🇷, Senegal🇸🇳

7) The Great Zimbabwe Empire (1220-1450 CE)- 🇿🇼

8) The Ethiopian Empire ( Abyssinia ) 1270 (beginning of Solomonid Dynasty) until 1974 - Ethiopia 🇪🇹

9) The Kingdom of Kush (1069 BCE and 350 CE) - Sudan/ South Sudan 🇸🇩/🇸🇸

10) The Kingdom of Kongo ( 1301 - 1665 ) - Angola 🇦🇴 DRC 🇨🇩 Congo 🇨🇬 and Gabon 🇬🇦

11) The Oyo Empire.(1300s-1835) - Nigeria 🇳🇬
12) The Carthage Empire (814 BC–146 BC)- Tunisia 🇹🇳
13) Kanem-Bornu Empire. (1396-1893)- Nigeria 🇳🇬
14) The Mutapa Empire (c. 1450-1629)- Zimbabwe/Mozambique 🇿🇼/🇲🇿

15) Ashanti Empire. (1701 to 1901)- Ghana 🇬🇭
16) The Aro Confederacy (1690–1902)- Nigeria 🇳🇬
17) The Jolof Empire. (1350 to 1549)- Senegal 🇸🇳
18) The Kingdom of Nri (500bc until 1911)- Nigeria 🇳🇬
19) The Luba Empire.(1585–1889) - DRC 🇨🇩
20) The Nok Civilization.(1500 BC — c. 500) AD- Nigeria 🇳🇬
21) The Zulu Empire (1816-1897)- South Africa 🇿🇦

26/06/2022

Gold Coast 🇬🇭 1915

French colonial officers from Ivory Coast with their Ghanaian wives and children in Ghana in 1915.

During the colonial times in Africa, marriages between colonial officers and African women were not based on romance. Colonial powers created a new generation of Africans who had many benefits than full blooded Africans. They had opportunities such as free education in Europe. Then they returned to Africa and got administrative positions. Also, they had sympathy for their European fathers. The main reason was to serve the colonial powers and ease their presence.

26/06/2022

AFRIKAN BLOOD GLOBAL Family, an Igbo is not identical to a Zulu.

But they are still Afrikan Blood .

A Wolof is not identical to an Kikuyu.

But they are still Afrikan Blood .

A Yoruba is not the same as a Dogon.

But they are still Afrikan Blood.

An Afrikan-American is not identical to a Dinka.

But they are still Afrikan Blood .

These differences do not make us more or less Afrikan Blood or negate our Afrikan Blood identity.

We are Afrikan Blood people born in different parts of the world.

We are not identical but we are one.

More than that, we need each other and must learn to see the big picture.

Marcus Garvey put it straight.

When asked if he was an Afrikan Blood or a Jamaican he responded with a classic line.

He said, "I will not give up a continent for an island."

Garvey saw the big picture.

So should we as AFRIKAN BLOOD DEFENDERS !

These europain got us so mentally colonized that we have adopted their petty worthless pseudo negropean filthy self hating suspicious selling out manner of betrayal as a sign of respect .

ULTIMATE AFRIKAN BLOOD SALUTE

28/05/2022

The Dassenech, known as “People of the Delta,” live on small islands in the mouth of Ethiopia’s Omo River as it flows into Lake Turkana, the largest inland lake in Africa. Isolated from the outside world, they have held on to traditions that have vanished elsewhere in East Africa. . . A warrior’s scarified chest indicates that he has proven his bravery in hunting and cattle raiding."

27/05/2022

There are many different descendants of invaders and immigrants who now live in Egypt today,. Greeks, Italians, Arabs, Europeans, Israelis, and Turkish. The only one's who still speak the ancient Coptic ,Pharaonic language of the ancient Egyptians are the black people of that country.
Enough side.

10/05/2022

Hair played a major cultural function in pre colonial societies. Depending of the society, they used hairstyle to communicate on their religion, wealth, age, social class, tribe, ethnic identity, marital statut. Hair had also a lot of spiritual connotation communicating on things like fertility, vitality (the more hair you have, the more fertile and strong, healthy, powerful you are supposed to be) and hair was for some a way to communicate with divine (the longer the hair, the most receptive you are to receive message from spirituals entity).

Hairdressing in africa was for rusted friend or relative. Because of the strong spiritual connotation of hair, the hair in the hand of enemy could become an ingredient in the production of a dangerous “charm” to injure the owner.

African used to have a big variety of hairstyle. It wasn’t only limited to tresses, cornrows, and braided styles, the styles also included ornament like beads, gold, or cowries.

24/02/2022

𝗵𝗶𝗻𝘁𝘀𝗮 𝗸𝗮 𝗞𝗵𝗮𝘄𝘂𝘁𝗮 (1789 – 12 𝗙𝗲𝗯𝗿𝘂𝗮𝗿𝘆 1835)

Also known as Hintsa the Great or King Hintsa, was the 4th paramount Chief of the Gcaleka sub-group of the Xhosa nation from 1820 until his death in 1835.

Hintsa was the second eldest son of Khawuta ka Gcaleka, the second chief of the Gcaleka people. His father was in turn the eldest son of Gcaleka ka Phalo. Hintsa had 4 known sons, Sarili ka Hintsa (1810) from his first wife Nomsa kaGambushe Tshezi and Ncaphayi ka Hintsa, Manxiwa ka Hintsa and Lindinyura ka Hintsa from an unknown second wife.

King Hintsa's Death Invited to peace talks by Governor Harry Smith, the British demanded 50 000 cattle in compensation for the 1834 war, and that Hintsa tell all Xhosa chiefs to stop fighting the British. Hintsa was then held captive until the terms were met. Hintsa sent word to Maqoma, his military commander, telling him to hide the cattle.

[1] On May 12, 1835 Hintsa, who was about 45, was riding as a prisoner in the company of British soldiers led by Governor Harry Smith. Noel Mostert in his "Frontiers:The Epic of South Africa's Creation and the Tragedy of the Xhosa People" tells the story [1] Hintsa was being guarded on the ride back over the Kei and the Fish by a corps of guides led by George Southey.

Soon after breakfast, Hintsa asked Smith: “What have the cattle done that you want them? Why must I see my subjects deprived of them?” To which Smith replied, “That you know far better than I do.” Soon after that Hintsa spurred his horse forward and galloped away. Smith gave chase and twice tried to fire on the fleeing monarch. Twice his pistols malfunctioned but he caught Hintsa and pushed him off his horse.

Hintsa got up and ran, still carrying his assegai. “Shoot, George, and be damned to you,” cried Smith to Southey. Southey fired and hit Hintsa in the leg but still he ran. Southey fired again. Hintsa was again hit but ran into a stream. “Be damned to you,” cried Smith to Southey, “Shoot again.”

By this time Hintsa was in deep water and couldn’t stand properly. He threw his spear but it landed harmlessly near Southey, who took aim again. “Mercy,” cried the King. And again. “Mercy.” But there was to be no mercy. Southey, whose Xhosa was fluent, fired, and hit Hintsa in the head, killing him.

Southey got to the body first and took off Hintsa’s brass body ornaments for himself. Others grabbed for his beads and bracelets. Southey or his brother William cut off one of Hintsa’s ears as a trophy and someone else cut off the other.

A doctor travelling with them was seen trying to pull out some of Hintsa’s teeth. Later, even Smith could no longer bear the barbarity he had caused and ordered Hintsa’s body dropped from his horse and to be left in the bush for his followers to find.

Hintsa was captured by the British during the Cape Frontier Wars 1835 and in extenuating circumstances was shot and killed trying to escape resulting in him becoming a martyr for the Xhosa people. His body was subsequently whose body was dismembered by troops in search of grisly momentoes and that his head had been preserved and taken back to Britain." In his reign as king he had 11 sub-chieftaincies and had about 10 (Today known as Eastern Cape area).

23/02/2022

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗔𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗻 𝗥𝗲𝗻𝗮𝗶𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 𝗠𝗼𝗻𝘂𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 𝗶𝗻 𝗗𝗮𝗸𝗮𝗿, 𝗦𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗴𝗮𝗹

The African Renaissance Monument, also referred as Monument to the African Renaissance and
Monument De La Renaissance Africaine, is a bronze statue perched on a hill in Dakar, Senegal.

The representation of a man, woman and child emerging from a volcano was inaugurated at a ceremony on April 3, 2010, featuring hundreds of drummers and dancers.

The African Renaissance Monument stands erect against the West African skyline in Senegal at 164 feet high, taller than the Statue of Liberty in the U.S.A.

17/02/2022

https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/stop_the_maasai_evictions_loc/?cOHplsb

Urgent: Thousands of us could face eviction from our ancestral lands. Please help!

09/02/2022

𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗦𝗘 𝗡𝗢𝗧𝗘 (𝗿𝗲𝗺𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗲𝗿)

Culture on the other hand is a way of life of a group of people- the behaviours, symbols, values, beliefs that people accept, not really thinking about them and are passed by mostly communication and imitation from one generation to another. With regards to African culture, people perceive most of its practices as something which is devilish in the sense that a lot of its practices are attributed to gods. Some people especially Africans, who have not fully experienced the indigenous culture believe that to be too culturally aware makes one backward and or ancient. This is as a result of lack of knowledge of our cultural values and principles.

In the African system, parenting is again perceived to take a lot of forms which is able to lead the child to be a responsible adult. Though there are various parenting styles, there are ways in which the African parent brings up a child in order for the child to imbibe the cultural values of the land and also be a responsible adult. Some of these forms of parenting are through story telling (folktales), the extended family, traditional rites and the mother's care, attention and love. One may ask; are these cultural practices still in vogue? This chapter is an attempt to take readers through some of the parental cultural practices in some African communities.

06/01/2022

𝗚𝗛𝗔𝗡𝗔𝗜𝗔𝗡 𝗔𝗥𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧 𝗞𝗪𝗔𝗠𝗘 𝗔𝗞𝗢𝗧𝗢-𝗕𝗔𝗠𝗙𝗢 𝗖𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗦 𝗛𝗔𝗨𝗡𝗧𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗦𝗖𝗨𝗟𝗣𝗧𝗨𝗥𝗘𝗗 𝗢𝗙 𝗦𝗟𝗔𝗩𝗘𝗦

In memory of African ancestors who drowned as they were being transported across the Atlantic Ocean as slaves, his Ancestor Project portrays Africans who were imprisoned, kidnapped or coerced into slavery.

According to BBC News Africa, using the ancient Akan tradition of creating portraits of the dead, Akoto-Bamfo wants to show people how great their community was before slavery. The Ancestor Project seeks to use art and performance to empower, educate and promote an interest in African heritage among the youth.

Akoto-Bamfo created the pseudo-art movement. His outdoor sculpture dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Transatlantic slave trade is on display at the National Memorial for Peace and Justice that opened in 2018 in Montgomery, Alabama. The work is directly connected to a larger installation of the same name made up of more than 1 500 portraits of Africans in the diaspora.

31/12/2021

Happy new year in advance people of Africa

04/11/2021

𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗦𝗧𝗜𝗖𝗦:𝗦𝗼𝘂𝘁𝗵 𝗦𝘂𝗱𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝗮𝘀 𝗺𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝘄𝘀 𝘁𝗵𝗮𝗻 𝗵𝘂𝗺𝗮𝗻𝘀

With a population of 11.1 million people according to a 2019 disputed UN statistic, South Sudan has over 31 million head of cattle, sheep and goats, making it a world-leading nation when the animal wealth is calculated per capita.

South Sudan gained independence from the Republic of the Sudan in 2011, making it the most recent sovereign state or country with widespread recognition as of 2021. It includes the vast swamp region of the Sudd, formed by the White Nile and known locally as the Bahr al Jabal meaning “Mountain River”

The statistics revealed that there are more livestocks than humans living in South Sudan.

Despite its enormous livestock wealth, South Sudan continues to import most of its meat from neighbouring countries, losing hundreds of millions of dollars every year without exports in return.

Keeping livestock alive and healthy is vital in South Sudan, where most of the population depends heavily on cattle, sheep and goats for their livelihood.

“Without livestock in South Sudan, it’s like you’re not a human being. It’s like you’re not South Sudanese,” South Sudanese quote.

28/10/2021

Patriot Ethiopian 🇪🇹 soldier who fought viciously against the Italians during the Ethio- fascist Italia war

28/10/2021

Examining the earlier records, Dubois estimated that the Arabs alone took approximately, 60 to 100 million people from the African continent as slaves. The evidence shows that 7 out of 10 of the people died moving from the hinterland to the coast before they could have been counted.

From the fifteenth through the seventeenth centuries, the Africans imported to America regarded themselves as temporary settlers destined to return eventually to Africa.

Their increasing revolts against the slave system, which culminated in the eighteenth century, showed a feeling of close kinship to the motherland and even well in the nineteenth century they called their organizations 'African' as witness the "African Unions, of New York and Newport, and the African Churches of Philadelphia and New York".

In the West Indies and South America, there was even closer indication of feelings of kinship with Africa.

W .E.B. DuBois

03/10/2021

The paintings of the Tassili Caves in the desert of Algeria remain among the strangest historical discoveries that people have known in the modern era and the inability of archeology to find explanations for it, as it was and still reflects the development that people reached in the Stone Age

22/09/2021

In 1974 Pharaoh's mummy, Ramesses II, was sent on a flight to Paris for preservation and maintenance work. But since French law required every person, living or dead, fly with a valid passport, the Egyptian government was forced to issue a passport to Pharaoh, 3,000 years after his death.

22/09/2021

𝗘𝘁𝗵𝗶𝗼𝗽𝗶𝗮 𝗰𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗯𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀 𝗡𝗲𝘄 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿 𝗶𝗻 𝘀𝗲𝗽𝘁𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿. 𝗦𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗻 𝘁𝗼 𝗲𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁 𝘆𝗲𝗮𝗿𝘀 𝗯𝗲𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗱 𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗲 𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗹𝗱

Enkutatash is a public holiday in coincidence of New Year in Ethiopia and Eritrea. It occurs on Meskerem 1 on the Ethiopian calendar, which is 11 September (or, during a leap year, 12 September) according to the Gregorian calendar.

Celebrations Relatives especially family members gathered and eat meals prepared by chicken’s meat natively called doro wat. Invitations and wishing farewell to relatives and friends.

This holiday is based on the Ethiopian calendar. It is the Ethiopian/Eritrean New Year.

Large celebrations are held around the country, notably at the Ragual Church on Entoto mountain.

According to InCultureParent, “after attending church in the morning, families gather to share a traditional meal of injera (flat bread) and wat (sauce).

Later in the day, young girls donning new clothes, gather daisies and present friends with a bouquet, singing New Year’s songs.”

According to the Ethiopian Tourism Commission, “Enkutatash is not exclusively a religious holiday.

Modern Enkutatash is also the season for exchanging formal new year greetings and cards among the urban sophisticated – in lieu of the traditional bouquet of flowers.”

The Ethiopian counting of years begins in the year 8 of the common era. This is because the common era follows the calculations of Dionysius, a 6th-century monk, while the non-Chalcedonian countries continued to use the calculations of Annius, a 5th-century monk, which had placed the Annunciation of Christ exactly 8 years later.

For this reason, on Enkutatash in the year 2021 of the Gregorian calendar, it became 2014 in the Ethiopian calendar.

29/08/2021

𝗠𝗲𝗲𝘁 𝗠𝗯𝘂𝘁𝗶 𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲, 𝘀𝗵𝗼𝗿𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗽𝗲𝗼𝗽𝗹𝗲 𝗶𝗻 𝗔𝗳𝗿𝗶𝗰𝗮. 𝗧𝗵𝗲𝘆 𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗲𝘀𝘁 "𝗺𝗼𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗿", 𝗶𝘁 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲 𝗮𝗹𝗹 𝘁𝗵𝗲𝗶𝗿 𝗻𝗲𝗲𝗱𝘀

The Mbuti people, or Bambuti, are one of several indigenous groups in the Congo region of Africa. Their languages are Central Sudanic languages and Bantu languages.

Some hunt in small groups while other Mbuti hunt with nets, which requires large groups of people, including women and children, to drive animals into the nets.

Bambuti, also called Mbuti, a group of Pygmies of the Ituri Forest of eastern Congo (Kinshasa). They are the shortest group of Pygmies in Africa, averaging under 4 feet 6 inches (137 cm) in height, and are perhaps the most famous.

In addition to their stature, they also differ in blood type from their Bantu- and Sudanic-speaking agriculturalist neighbours, and they are probably the earliest inhabitants of the area. Archaeological evidence is lacking, but early Egyptian records show that the Bambuti were living in the same area some 4,500 years ago.

The Bambuti is a collective name for four populations of Ituri Pygmies—the Sua, Aka, Efe, and Mbuti—each of which has formed a loose economic and cultural interdependency with an agriculturalist group. They are nomadic hunters and gatherers living in small bands that vary in composition and size throughout the year but are generally formed into patrilineal groups of from 10 to 100 individuals.

The tropical rainforest provides their basic needs—food, fresh water from innumerable streams and springs, firewood, and clothing—which they supplement through trade with agriculturalists. They make huts simply by forming a beehive-shaped frame of sticks covered with phrynium leaves. A group lives in a camp for up to a month and then abandons it.

Bambuti technology is limited to the necessities of a hunting-and-gathering economy. The Efe, the most widespread group, hunt small animals with bow and arrow; elsewhere nets and spears are used to capture and kill game.

The Bambuti have no chiefs or any formal councils of elders; they settle their problems and disputes by general discussion. They believe in a benevolent forest deity, and important occasions, including the maturity of boys and girls, marriage, and death, are marked by special songs designed “to rejoice the forest.”

The Bambuti’s music is complex in rhythm and harmony, but visual art is virtually nonexistent among them. Music, dance, and mime provide a means of reinforcing accepted values and form the basis of religious expression.

Marriage among the Bambuti is by sister exchange: a man must arrange the marriage of one of the female members of his clan to a man in his prospective bride’s clan. Few Pygmies are polygynous, and family bonds are strong and lasting. The Bambuti show little concern with afterlife; the dead are buried in or near their hut, and the camp is then abandoned. See also Ituri Forest.

28/08/2021

The moment of discovering the statue of King Menkaure and his wife KhaNapati passed on the floor of the mortuary temple of the king on the Giza plateau in 1910🇪🇬

2500 BC
Old Kingdom
4th Dynasty
Egypt