18/05/2020
WHY IS THE LAKE VICTORIA WATER LEVELS RAISING?
Uganda, is currently experiencing impacts of intensive and prolonged rainfall which has caused rise in water levels of major water bodies and flooding in several areas of the country.
In 1961 to 1964 and also 1996 to 1998, Uganda experienced similar intense rainfall that resulted in rise in the levels of rivers and Lakes below which no developments and settlements should be made.
The current rise in Lake Victoria water level started on 1st October 2019 and has consistently gone up from 12.00 meters to the current level of 13.32 meters as of 30th April 2020. This is a rise of 1.32 meters attained in only 6 months and the level is only 0.08 meters away from the highest level ever recorded.
Lake Victoria is a huge trans-boundary body shared by Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda with about 23 rivers that bring water into the lake. Some of these rivers originate as far as Rwanda and Burundi. When it rains water finds its way into Lake Victoria. However, all this in this inflow has only one exit through River Nile at Jinja.
This water level has also been accelerated by human activities especially environmental degradation. Loss of forest cover, encroachment on wetlands, lakeshores and river banks including poor land use practices, have resulted in soil erosion leading to siltation of our water bodies. This has resulted in speedy movement of water into the lakes and rivers with a lot of silt which has further reduced water storage capacities of our water bodies. In addition, urbanization has created highly impermeable surfaces like roads, roofs, pavements that have reduced water infiltration into the soil, interception and evapo-transpiration capacity of forests and wetlands.
The floods within Lake Victoria Basin and other areas of Uganda are already having negative impacts on the people and developments.
Hydropower Generation
The increased water level is causing dislodgement of papyrus mats from encroached shorelines resulting into huge mass of floating Islands which are dangerous to hydropower infrastructure.
Water Transport and Bridge Construction
Some Ferries along River Nile have been suspended as there is inundation and submergence of jetties and landing sites. Downstream of Isimba Hydropower Dam has come to a halt.
Water, Sanitation and Health
Essential facilities such as drinking water and sanitation systems, health facilities, roads, among others have been affected. Possible water borne and water related disease incidences such as cholera, dysentery, malaria, and bilharzia are likely to increase.
Settlements and Establishments
Settlements and developments around Lake Victoria and River Nile have been affected with many hotels, beaches and individual house already flooded. Some of the establishments submerged include Serena-Kigo Hotel, Speke Resort Hotel Munyonyo, Hotel Protea Entebbe, Gaba Beach, K.K Beach, Miami Beach, and several other beaches, markets, Gaba water works, jetties, and settlements/homes around the lake. A number of areas around Lakes and rivers have been identified as high flood risk areas and essential features such as schools, health facilities and places of worship both churches and mosques are at risk.
Other water bodies in around Uganda are also affected, Lake Kyoga is projected to exceed the highest historical water level of 13.2 meters and as such shorelines, swamps and flood plains are experiencing high water levels.
Considering that the rise in water level in most of the water bodies and the flooding in several areas of Uganda has been attributed to among others encroachment on wetlands, lakeshores, river banks, and forests, and poor land use practices, urgent actions need to be taken to avoid similar problems in future.
What role can you play in averting this Environmental problem?